Appendix

Looking at the Graph, we are able to project a potential incremental growth of demand versus supply. Incremental is based on the following criteria. 1. Total local market population of the business location 2. Minimum Minimal projected average sales of 35-50 units per day for SIX days to cater a potential market population of 1,000 people. 3. A six month projection with a Incremental boost In sales for the first quarter to the 4th month and a plateau projection at the 5th month onwards subject to business performance review.In order for us to come up with a price point data, we decided to follow the price point signaled by the Stir Fry Noodle kiosks in Greater Metro Manila. This is to eradicate any possible price adjustments in the future should we wish to grow the business further by offering franchising opportunities to other entrepreneurs who wish to franchise our start up business. We also believe that the Stir Fry noodle kiosks have already undergone an extensive survey on an af fordable price point for the Stir Fry Noodles considering this will be the first of Its kind In Dave Doctors College canteen.We will be offering a variety of promotions identified on specific occasions as well as seasons to ensure a steady flow of client interest and repeat purchases. Timeliness will also be created with regard to marketing activities to further ensure the implementation as well as the executing and viability of success for each and every marketing activity done. Initial activities and strategies would be below the line marketing strategies considering that we have a very minimal budget and funds for marketing activities.Some of these would be the following: Price promotion On the opening day we will create a single day promotion or opening salvo promotion f 50% off for the first 100 customers. This Is to ensure we will create a stir during opening day and ensuring that we will be able to reach a maximum number of clientele who would be satisfied with our product an d spread by word of mouth our business. Vouchers and coupons We would be selling out discounted vouchers or coupons at 50% lesser price than the standard price point. The objective of doing this is to maximize the number of people who redeem them.Gifts with purchase (Pick a prize event) We would give customers something extra or get the chance to win something extra . E. An additional simoom or a free drink when they buy one or more stir fry noodles. And finally in this day and age of technology and social media, we will ensure that our social media presence is engaging as well as intriguing enough to gain a number of followers thereby ensuring us a potential captured market who would not only be our potential customers but a potential business partner In the near future.At the onset of the business we will initially focus on serving and delivering the quality and standards we wish to impart on our immediate clientele. Of course we ill not discount the power of clients who wish to t aste our product thus once we have established a proper process flow and operational system, we will expand our branches to other areas such as the following: Overland transport terminals Bazaar Areas Exhibit and Booth Activities Schools and or Universities Malls Business Hubs And wherever we deem there is enough flow of consumer traffic as well as including delivery and packed meals to our service.In ensuring that this will increase our sales and profitability we will therefore have to add more machinery such as our own emissary / kitchen to cater to these expansions and services. For deliveries, we will initially be accepting deliveries in the 1 kilometer radius and increase our capacity as well as delivery fleet detrimental on the demand generated. A dedicated mobile number for the three networks will be provided and sooner or later a SMS auto capturing and relaying system similarly used by R. A.Ha Taxi services will be used to ensure that no orders will be forgotten and that eff iciency as well as timeliness of the deliveries will be ensured. Product Identification HO-MAIM GOAD Stir Fry Noodles is a food cart that offers stir fried noodles mixed with a variety of condiments, sauces and mixtures that the customer can freely choose based on their very own palate complimented with their own choice of dim sum (sis- mat). The customer simply has to mix in their preferred sauces and may choose to experiment mix matching these sauces and condiments to suit their taste topped by their selected choice of dumdums.Dumdums choices will either be pork, chicken, beef, shrimp and crab. Beverages such as mineral water and the local stag's Goldman mix ill also be available for consumption as these will complement the taste of the Stir- fry noodles. Should the customer wish to have a pre-concocted sauce then a menu of the specific pre concocted sauce will be provided of which they will mix in with Strength No existing competitors in the immediate vicinity to up to approximat ely meters from business location.Multiple condiments and sauces complement ones creative imagination in coming up with their own personal flavor and taste A full and affordable meal complete with the basics such as carbohydrates and protein acquirement of the human body. Affordable pricing for a sumptuous meal complete with sanitary and quality set standards. Weakness Start up business without any existing process and operational flows. Needs resources for the accumulation and procurement of raw materials and main ingredients.No procedural flow chart on product preparation and standardization. Lack of training for potential manpower employment. Lack of initial capitalization and funding resource. Opportunities Big room for expansion considering there is no other competitor with the same concept in the local region. Marginal room for error considering the startup location of the business will be established in a lesser populated area thereby increasing chances of improving process f lows and preparation standardization.

Moo Cow Frozen Yogurt

Moo Cow Frozen yogurt it is also low in calories and high in calcium and protein. In fact, it contains a higher content of calcium per 100g when compared to milk and cheese! Moo Cow is the most impressive frozen yogurt in terms of calcium content, with a whopping 844. 3mg of calcium per 100g serving. Other than being high in calcium, FroYo also contains all the beneficial ingredients of yogurt such as probiotics (the â€Å"good bacteria†) with health benefits ranging from boosting the immune system, helping digestion, lowering cholesterol as well as combating stress and allergies.Frozen yoghurt needs to have 107 viable â€Å"live and active† lactic acid bacteria per gram at time of manufacture in order to be effective, and Moo Cow contains 1. 8 x 107 acido philusbifidus thermophilus, as analysed by the Chemical Laboratory of Malaysia. natural goodness and a whole lots of health benefits. Live and active culture provides good bacteria that improves digestive system.The w ords â€Å"Live Active Culture† refer to the living organism Streptococcus, Thermophilus, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus which convert pasteurized milk to yogurt fermentation. Now, instead of yogurt and yogurt drinks, there is frozen yogurt! Which I love ~†¦ Moo Cow sells frozen yogurt of several varieties of flavours, including a weird and daring attempt of ice kacang flavour. unlike other frozen yogurts, the toppings are really healthy.From choices of oats, sunflower seeds, raisins, prunes, cornflakes, pumpkin seeds and nuts. You probably think its no fun and dull, but it turns out to be surprisingly delightful. and if you are watching your health (and for the ladies, weight and figure), how about just switch the ice cream with all natural goodness of frozen yogurt. Reference http://goodyfoodies. blogspot. com/2012/03/moo-cow-frozen-yogurt-gardens-mall. html http://foodeverywhere. wordpress. com/2011/08/01/moo-cow-frozen-yogurt/

Beethoven Pastoral Symphony Essay

Beethoven was one of the pivotal composers that helped music evolve from the Classical period into the age of Romanticism. When discussing Beethoven’s success in classical compositions, his symphonies are at the forefront of most if not every conversation. However, even within the topic of his symphonies, some are naturally highlighted more than others. For example, one could reproduce the melody from either the opening movement of the Fifth or the finale of the Ninth and a majority of people would be able to recognize them. While these two works were revolutionary in the progression of symphonic music, they were not the only ones to have played important roles in this sense. Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony is a pivotal work in the expansion of music with programmatic characteristics. However, this symphony is one that sways between the realms of absolute and program music, for it can be identified with both categories of symphonic music. While it is highly unlikely that Beethoven viewed this composition as a truly programmatic piece, the Sixth Symphony has played an important role in the development of the symphony as a genre and influenced future composers of program music as well. In order to discuss the significance of the Pastoral Symphony, one must first shed light on the difference of program music from that of absolute music. Author R. W. S. Mendl describes absolute music as being â€Å"that which gives us pleasure by the sheer delight in sound patterns without having any emotional, pictorial, or literary references† and claims that music with programmatic content â€Å"attempt[s] to represent scenes, objects, or events which exist apart from music.† It is hard to gauge the amount of programmatic works prior to the Pastoral Symphony, simply due to the fact that the term â€Å"program music† was not used as a defining category of music at the time of their release. An estimated eighth of all symphonic works that were presented before Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony were composed with the intent of conveying particular images or scenes. It would seem that with such a small percentage of varying works that were composed to contain prog rammatic ideas, labeling these works with a universal genre proved to be somewhat difficult. With the expansion of this style of writing, naturally the encompassing term â€Å"program music† would become associated with such pieces. Around the time of Beethoven’s composing, music was undergoing a shift from the Classical period into an age of Romanticism. Compositions were expanding in numerous ways regarding form, orchestration, and harmonies that were being implemented. Beethoven has been called â€Å"the innovator who broke through the limitations of Classicism without abandoning them.† This is truly evident through his symphonic writing. While on the cusp of the Romantic era, it became evident to him that the stature of absolute music was on the rise. Lewis Lockwood states that from a compositional aspect, Beethoven looked down upon ‘program music’ for its seemingly shallow representation of actual sounds and lack of originality. In response to this rising style of music, he composed the Pastoral Symphony with the intent of merging illus trative ideas of programmatic music with the structure of absolute music. Beethoven successfully achieved a blend of programmatic and absolute ideas with this symphony, in order to create an overall pastoral feeling of nature rather than depict any specific image. While the symphony and its five movements are labeled with titles that were created by Beethoven himself, he believed that the overall pastoral idea of this work could be perceived by the audience without a description that would usually be necessary with a complete program piece. It is this idea that helped Beethoven create the title as it can be viewed on early sketches, â€Å"Pastoral Symphony or Memories of Country Life: More the Expression of Feeling than Tone-Painting.† It would appear that Beethoven intended to create a general mood that expresses the idea of nature rather than rely on specific images or one precise story to achieve this. Despite Beethoven’s general feelings towards program music and his conscious efforts to claim that the Sixth Symphony was more a collection of overall feelings rather than an attempt at creating one specific image, this piece is neither absolute or programmatic music but a blend of the two styles. The first point in this argument would be the fact that Beethoven attached titles to each of the five movements within this symphony that depict certain scenes associated with pastoral ideas. The headings for the movements are as follow: ‘Pleasant feelings which are awakened in mankind on arrival in the country’, ‘Scene by the brook’, ‘Joyful fellowship of country folk’, ‘Thunder and Storm’, and ‘Beneficent feeling after the storm joined with thanks to the deity’. The mere fact that this symphony is the only one of his nine to contain subtitles attached to each movement that describe a scene of nature favors the thought of the symphony being more programmatic than absolute. However, if one were to look past the movement headings and take into consideration the content of the music, one would observe that the first two movements contain very little defined imagery. From an analytical perspective of the form, the first ha lf of the symphony is rather conventional and resembles the absolute approach to music. These movements hold true to the subheading for the symphony in regards to creating overall feelings rather than one precise painting or story. While there are compositional devices used to help convey the pastoral feeling within the first half of the symphony, it is not until the end of the second movement that Beethoven truly utilizes extra musical associations to convey imagery. This andante movement entitled ‘Scene by the brook’ ends with the flute, oboe, and clarinet engaged in a coda while imitating birdcalls. The composer himself labeled these three woodwind voices as a nightingale, a quail, and a cuckoo, respectively. These birdcalls have led to several debates, discussions, and even complete articles that attempt to analyze the true meaning of their existence in the piece. No matter how they are interpreted, one fact remains still. The birdcalls act as segues from the symphonic first half to the more programmatic portion of the piece. The second half of the Sixth Symphony ventures away from conventional symphonic composing techniques found in the first two movements and includes more programmatic material. A strong indication of programmatic material resides within the later half of the symphony, where Beethoven includes several pastoral elements to enhance the musical imagery. The third movement consists of excited melodies in a compound-meter stylized scherzo representing country-dances. There are several points within this movement that have a drone in the bass that has been viewed as a depiction of bagpipes, an instrument that was frequently associated with the representation of pastoral ideas. This jovial dance-like movement transitions into the fourth movement, which resembles a storm. The storm is â€Å"clearly an example of tone-painting† with its explosive minor chords that represent thunder and lightning and the constant patter of rain in the strings’ lines. Another significant feature added to the symphony that aids the pastoral image is the use of a ranz des vaches in the final movement. The ranz des vaches was an alpine horn call that herdsmen used to summon cattle. Author, David Wyn Jones notes in his book that â€Å"common features of ranz des vaches melodies are: triadic motion, dotted 6/8 meter†¦frequent use of grace notes, all harmonized mainly by the tonic triad.† While looking at the horn call that Beethoven uses within his symphony, one would notice that it meets all of the criteria that Jones listed. The imagery associated with the Pastoral Symphony depicts scenes from nature, which was a subject close to Beethoven’s heart. Through journal entries and letters, one can deduce Beethoven’s love for nature. The following is a letter to Austrian musician and friend, Therese Malfatti in 1810 that depicts his feelings about the outdoors: How fortunate you are to have been able to go to the country so early in the year! Not before the 8th shall I be able to enjoy this delight: I look forward to it with childish anticipation. How glad I shall be to wander about amidst shrubs, forests, trees, herbs and rocks! No man can love the country as I do. For it is forests, trees and rocks that provide men with the resonance they desire. Through this letter and several other firsthand records, one can clearly see Beethoven’s infatuation for the outdoors and the justifiable reason to compose a piece that commemorates this love. It makes sense that the first large-scale work that includes extensive amounts of imagery would reflect the thing that he admired most. Along with the simple beauty of nature, there were other factors that influenced Beethoven while writing his Sixth Symphony. The inclusion of nature and rustic ideas within music was not uncommon to composers prior to Beethoven. Pastoral subjects could be found in several theatrical presentations, operas, and intermezzo from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. One notable work that inspired the development of the Pastoral Symphony was an oratorio written by Franz Joseph Haydn, his teacher and mentor early on in his composing career. Haydn’s oratorio, The Seasons, had an impact on Beethoven while he wrote his Sixth Symphony. Haydn incorporates arpeggiated horn calls in the aria â€Å"Der muntre Hirt† that begin â€Å"a sequence of summer scenes that will [eventually lead] to the storm† later in the oratorio. Similarly, Beethoven opens the fifth and final movement of his symphony with an arpeggiated melody in the French horns that subsequently signify the end of the storm that took place in the previous movement. Another example of musical quotation that Beethoven purposely incorporated is an oboe melody that â€Å"has long been understood as a quotation from Bach’s chorale ‘Birch an, o Schà ¶nes Morgenlicht,’ from the second part of the Christmas Oratorio†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is worth mentioning that prior to Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony, there had been other symphonic works to contain sections that resemble thunderstorms. Several commentaries on the Pastoral and its development discuss the 18th century German composer, Justin Heinrich Knecht and his piece entitled La Portrait musical de la nature. This work seems to contain similar programmatic ideas as that of Beethoven’s symphony, including a thunderstorm that interrupts the overall peaceful feeling of nature that resumes after the storm. In addition to preceding compositions that influenced Beethoven’s writings, there has been the suggestion for the possible influence from the literary writings of Scottish poet James Thomson, mostly that of his well known poems collectively titled â€Å"The Seasons†. While there is no concrete evidence that Beethoven took inspiration from this poem, some scholars feel that the poem possibly had an underlying effect on the outcome of the Pastoral Symphony. The text of the poem discusses nature, progressing through the four seasons starting with spring and ending with winter. The poem was translated to German in 1745 and served as a basis for Haydn’s oratorio that shares the same name. As discussed earlier, Beethoven drew inspiration from Haydn’s oratorio, so it would seem that he was indirectly influenced from the poetry of James Thomson for this reason even if he had no connection to the actual literature itself. So far there have been factors that support both sides of the argument in trying to define the Pastoral Symphony as either a work of absolute music, or one depicting tone painting. The mere fact that the piece contains an appropriate amount of material that justifies both categories, one should agree that this work could be viewed as the perfect synthesis of the two sides of the symphonic spectrum. The next step in understanding the influence that the Pastoral Symphony had on future composers of both absolute and programmatic works would naturally be to look at the general reception of the premiere of this piece. The Sixth Symphony received its first public performance on December 22nd, 1808 along with Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. Beethoven worked on these two symphonies simultaneously in the years leading up to this concert. At this time however, the symphonies were labeled opposite of what they are viewed as today, which means that the Pastoral was written and performed as Beethoven’s fifth symphony, while the C-minor was viewed as his sixth. Over the course of time it would seem as though the Fifth Symphony has overpowered the Pastoral in the minds of audience members. While this may be true to some extent today, at the time, critics were singing praises to this wonderful portrayal of nature through melody and harmony. A review of the score in the musical journal of the time, Allgemeine musikalishce Zeitung, was typical in saying such things as â€Å"this work of Beethoven, wonderful, original, and full of life, which can be placed without hesitation besides his other masterworks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When comparing it to other compositions that focused on imagery of programmatic material, one critic claimed that â€Å"none of the musical paintings known until now can withstand comparison†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Overall, the piece was welcomed positively and viewed as a representation for composers who desired to use programmatic features. Some of the compositional styles that would soon develop through the Romantic period can trace influence from Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony. When discussing compositions that drew inspiration from the Pastoral Symphony, one should mention Hector Berlioz’s programmatic work, Symphonie Fantastique. As a composer, Berlioz was an advocate for music with more programmatic tendencies and was viewed as a radical composer during his time. At one point in his career, Berlioz wrote critical reviews of Beethoven’s nine symphonies. When discussing the Sixth, he used descriptions such as, â€Å"delightful phrases [that] greet you, like the perfumed morning breeze† as well as â€Å"swarms of chattering birds in flight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  With such joyous descriptions that Berlioz gave, it comes as no surprise that he would find inspiration from this piece for his own writing. Author, Owen Jander views the second movement in Beethoven’s symphony entitled â€Å"Scene by t he Brook† as an obvious â€Å"point of departure for the ‘Scene in the Meadows’ in Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique†. As mentioned earlier, Beethoven’s second movement has been the topic of several discussions concerning the Sixth Symphony, specifically, the imitation of birdcalls that can be found at the close of the movement. Jander believes the calls to symbolize Beethoven’s acceptance of his growing deafness and his own fate. If one is to agree with this interpretation, then the connection to Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique becomes one that is easy to accept. Berlioz’s third movement, entitled â€Å"Scene in the Meadows† opens with the English horn and the oboe representing two shepherds that are calling to one another. At the end of the movement, one of the â€Å"shepherds† return once more but is not joined by the other, but is instead replaced by the distant roll of thunder heard in the timpani. Those familiar with the piece and its program know that the concluding two movements that follow represent a personal hell and damnation for the protagonist. The connection between both that of Beethoven’s and Berlioz’s works would be the idea that both composers are aware of their own fate and accept it through the illustration of music. Another composer that was potentially influenced by the Pastoral Symphony was that of the German opera composer, Richard Wagner. As just discussed, it would seem that the second movement of Beethoven’s work is to represent the â€Å"realization of one’s destiny through nature†. In Wagner’s opera, Siegfried, there are scenes within the second act that take place in the forest. In which, the main character, Siegfried learns of his destiny from the ability to understand a forest bird. This situation is the exact opposite from that of Beethoven’s, where the composer realizes his destiny through the discovery that he can no longer hear. Two compositions that were separated by nearly one hundred years, both contain similar imagery that represents a person’s realization and acceptance of their destiny through nature. The chances of this being a coincidence seem rather unlikely. To say that that Beethoven’s Pastoral inspired Wagner’s us e of nature within this opera would be a fair conclusion. When discussing Beethoven, the Sixth Symphony may not be a piece that comes to mind right away; one might rather recall themes from other symphonies by him. However, the importance of this piece in the evolution of the symphony as a genre is too important to go overlooked. The mere fact that out of the nine symphonies that Beethoven wrote, the Sixth was the only one to receive a programmatic title and descriptive scenes attached to the movements is an indication at the significance of this work. It may not have directly influenced several composers in the years that followed as far as content is concerned, but Beethoven’s ability to combine aspects of program music with the absoluteness of a symphony opened the door to possibilities for future composers on both sides of the spectrum.

Socrates and Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Socrates and Euthyphro - Essay Example When asked by Socrates what holiness is, Euthyphro answers, â€Å"†¦ the holy is what I am doing now, persecuting murder and temple theft and everything of the sort, whether father or mother or anyone else is guilty of it† (pg.4, 8). The main mistake in this definition of holiness is that it the definition is shallow and does not include all what is referred to as holiness; this is because there are many holy deeds that do not involve persecuting religious offenders. Socrates recognized this mistake and challenged Euthyphro to give a better and a broader definition of holiness. Secondly, having realized the logical inconsistency of his first definition of holiness, Euthyphro attempted his second definition of holiness and he defined holiness as what is approved by the gods; Euthyphro says â€Å"Then what is dear to the gods is holy, and what is not dear to them is unholy† (pg.6, 5). The main weakness in this argument is that it assumes that gods agree on all things and that they do not disagree on anything. Socrates noticed this logical mistake and asked Euthyphro on whether or not gods do not disagree at all. Euthphro agreed that gods disagree and actually even quarrel amongst themselves. Socrates, therefore, challenged Euthyphro to come up with a better definition of holiness. In an attempt to give a better definition of holiness, Euthyphro defined holiness as what is loved by all the gods, Euthphro defines holiness thus, â€Å"†¦the holy is what all the gods love, and that the opposite, what all the gods hate is unholy† (pg.10. 3). The main logical mistake in this argument is that it does not explain the true nature of holiness, i.e. the definition does not explain what makes something holy. Socrates noticed this inconsistency and challenged Euthyphro to explain to him whether something is holy because it is approved by the gods, or it is because something is holy

DEALING WITH NORMAL DATA AND ZSCORES Statistics Project

DEALING WITH NORMAL DATA AND ZSCORES - Statistics Project Example The average current test score of the students is 82.06 and varies from the mean by about 9.05. The z-score of the students’ test grades can be calculated using below formula: Table 1 shows the student’s z-scores for their previous and current test grades. The maximum and minimum z-scores for the previous test score are 1.48 and -1.54, respectively. The maximum and minimum z-scores for the current test score are 1.76 and -1.55, respectively. Thus, there is no outlier in both the current and previous test scores as all the z-score values are in between -3 and +3. A total of 9 students’ z-score decreased from the previous test to current test and a total of 9 students’ z-score increased from the previous test to current test. The theoretical normal distribution probability of a z-score below 0.50 is about 0.6915. The number of students whose z-score is below 0.50 in current score is 11. Thus, proportion of the students test scores on the current test only fall below z = .50 is about 0.6111 which is very close to the theoretical normal distribution

Definition of terrorism in United States Research Paper

Definition of terrorism in United States - Research Paper Example United States Security Agencies define terrorism as the predetermined use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to infiltrate fear. Such acts are intended to intimidate or threaten governments or societies to bend towards the perpetrators goals that are generally ideological, political, and religious. Inside the above definition, three key elements are evident —violence, fear, and intimidation— with each element intended to produce terror in its victims. The United State Intelligence defines "Terrorism as unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any part thereof, in advancing of political or social demands† (Hoffman 37).Terrorism has ever been evolving. Its evolution should be closely monitored so that the means of countering it should be developed and made robust. The administration of the day has come with more effective and novel means of countering the vice th at pose a monumental threat to the citizen of United State both in the country and abroad. The intelligence, policy makers and political advisers come up with a for fold strategy of dealing with the menace. The strategy includes the following that apply to all citizens of the America: adhering to United States of America core Values, building security partnership, Applying CT tools, and capability appropriately and building a culture of resilience.

Sexual Harassment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sexual Harassment - Research Paper Example (The Masschusetts Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights pp. 3-5) What is sexual harassment in employment? Sexual harassment is a situation where an unwanted attention of a sexual behavior occurs in the process of working or seeking work and hence threatens the ability of an individual to earn a living. . (The Masschusetts Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights pp. 3-5) Is it a serious problem? Harassment can be with different behaviors like passing distracting or annoying comments to intimidate, giving threats or demanding to have sexual conduct. The most troublesome and serious situation happens when an employee faces a supervisor who makes sexual demands accompanied by job-related threats. Majority of the people thinks that such situation becomes very critical to handle. Such situations especially happen where jobs are scarce and when the employee has few job skills. (Conte pp. 6-10) However, less unmitigated forms of harassment may also have the serious effect of threatening the income of an employee or his or her career prospects. Acts that may appear to be disturbing and distracting from the victim's perspective, may sufficiently lead to a fall in work performance or might even try to take majority day offs in order to ignore such situations. (Conte pp. 6-7) Who are the victims? According to most of the studies, this kind of problem of encountering sex related threats demands, and annoying behavior are being mostly faced by women. This is understood because it is very consistent with the way power is distributed in the workplace as women workers are typically at the bottom of the job ladder, and those in supervisory positions are mostly males. (Boland p. 12-18) There are many variations to these work places like professors happen to be mostly male, are in a position to take advantage of students, female enrollment in skilled trades apprenticeships is increasing, but instructors, union officials, and foremen are almost invariably male and even female professionals employed by corporations, government agencies, and other large institutions are almost always responsible to male executives. Those who claim that there are places where males get harassed by females do have a point and must get equal consideration, but very few females are in a position to take advantage over males in the workplace. Sexual overtures from the employee to the supervisor hardly entail the threat associated with the reverse. (Boland p. 12-18) Why is this issue receiving so much attention recently? Sexual harassment in the workplace is a very old problem. Women have put up with it in the past because there has been no simple escape. However, recent increases in the number of women in the labor force have made us aware of a whole range of ignored issues of concern to working women—harassment, child care, comparable worth, and others. In the last few years, court decisions and guidelines of Federal and State agencies h ave made it clear that sexual harassment is illegal and has defined the responsibilities of employers in

Interdependence and Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interdependence and Independence - Essay Example 201). In support of the observations, people are, in the modern times, learning about becoming independent. People no longer wish to share their concerns with others. This is because they tend to create social security for their private matters. Culture is fading away slowly and gradually, it does not significantly affect the decisions made by the people. For instance, if someone has issues with their spouse, culture would dictate that they continue living together. This should not be the case as people have the right to make their own independent decisions. An individual’s needs are more important than the community’s needs. People are more important than their communities are. The community regulates the rules and regulations that involve assisting one another. The rules advocate for community coexistence, getting it wrong. People in the community should push for what is beneficial to their lives. A person cannot seek for the rights of the community at the expense of their own benefit. I will raise my children differently from the way I was raised. It is important to appreciate and respect their efforts and decisions. There is need to encourage them to become independent thinkers. This is because they must be accountable for their own decisions and actions. Parents should only provide their children with guidance, in order to have them make the right choices in life. Through independence, individuals are able to understand themselves. They realize their uniqueness and acquire the ability for self-development. Independence affects the personality of an individual positively because they act without other people’s influence. People are able to keep their thoughts and feelings as secrets, increasing their internal activity. Independence gives an individual a sense of control over their lives. It is important to listen to parents whenever they give

Critical review for academic article Literature

Critical for academic article - Literature review Example The article explains that the term â€Å"affective† is utilized in order to refer to emotions, feelings that are provoked among students towards science in general or specifically. This report is presented from several studies conducted in twenty-five different case studies, which utilized a condensed fieldwork strategy in which collection of data was through discussions recorded on audio tapes, interviews as well as notes on field observations. Moreover, there were samples of practical lessons, which were conducted in English comprehensive schools. In fact, this study was conducted in phases, whereby during stage three and four, the research focused on students between the age of 11-14 and 15-16.This report presents findings from the research based on practical work. The findings indicate that practical work for students offers short-term engagements, which is comparatively unproductive in the process of motivating students to study science post compulsory education or for in dividual interest, which is long-term. This academic article presents ideas, which indicates that people directly involved in science education are expected to establish a realistic understanding of shortcomings of practical work in the affective domain especially in post compulsory stages of education. Therefore, in my perspective, this article provides necessary ideas, which are gathered to suggest that practical work is a motivator in primary level school science as against in secondary and post secondary stages of education. This research article presents substantial illustrations focused on lack of precision on the use of crucial terms, while discussing affective value of practical work in relation to the attitude towards science. On the other hand, the research focuses on avoidance of overlap of terminologies, whereby there is ample clarification of terms such as motivation and personal interest. Besides, the report aims at finding out whether pupils are motivated by practical work in learning science. Moreover, the researchers focused on presenting their meaning on psychological sense, while considering the chance of these terms being operational. Methodology: The research presented in this academic article applied a methodology approach that focused on collection of data through observation and tape-recorded interviews, which were undertaken through collaboration with teachers prior to and after lessons. On the other hand, the researchers utilized pre-lesson interviews focused at accounting for practical work, which was observed and its relation to teachers’ perceptions towards achievement of learning objectives. There were collections of teachers’ reflections based on the moment after the lesson interview, which focused on identifying achievement of learning objectives. This focused on their perception towards a teacher’s affective value of practical work in learning. The researchers utilized conversations among groups of pupils d uring and after lessons and they were recorded. Besides, these conversations offered a chance for gathering ideas regarding students’

Global Priorities Bigger than climate change Essay

Global Priorities Bigger than climate change - Essay Example reminded that the most important is not to define problems but to find the solutions to these problems and the most important question is â€Å"what can we do about that?†. Then the scientist reminded about the necessity to define several basic problems, which should be the top priorities. He talks about four biggest problems: malaria, free trade, malnutrition and HIV/AIDS. AIDS, according to scientist, is the first issue to be paid attention to, he is sure that not enough efforts are taken to struggle with this disease, and the statistics is disappointing primarily because of that. He reminds that it is much easier to prevent the disease than to cure it, thus the main attention should be paid to prevention, because it is possible to be done and it is namely prevention, which can improve the statistics. The report made by Bjorn Lomberg is very informative and useful as it makes us think about the importance of the correct definition of priorities in order to find real resoluti on to the biggest problems in the

Racism and Football (soccer) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Racism and Football (soccer) - Essay Example For example, FIFA was arranged with no English hold up in 1904 and England team did not take part in the World Cup Finals till 1905 at which end they were abruptly mortified by the hasty USA. Afterward, in late 1950s, the Football association ineffectively resisted the contribution of English society in European club rivalries. Fundamentals of the magnificent narrowness of British football's history is today repeated in the aristocratic racism exposed in enlightenment made by football executives and senior football officers about black players such as they have an inborn lack of regulation and constancy, a break off on their shoulder, a abhor of the bitter and many more. Such comments gives out merely to effect typecasts by functioning ahead the racial mythology about black footballers who are variously supposed to be short of bottle plus are no superior in the dirt and have no endurance. However, these comments are but daily cases of the type of crumbling, informal racism which has usually infused professional football all through the organizational, training and playing stages of the game. Simply now are such visions being effectively challenged and reassessed inside the sport, though for aspiring British Asian footballers a fresh set of typecasts have to be defeated. Though, it would be unjust to advise that the same racist outlooks and performance have been current at all football clubs at all era as there are substantial dissimilarities flanked by the society at different clubs. Such as, clubs like Bromwich Albion forged with the mark of black players in the new era and in the late 1970s the WBA meadows the brilliant black trio of Cyrille Regis, Laurie Cunningham and Brendan Batson and in doing so concerned substantial local black hold up. In numerous other clubs, attitudes towards black players seem to have been quite diverse. Even nowadays it is not odd for managers, executives and trainers to be frankly racist about black players. Game is an ordinary sp ot for racism partly because organic and hereditary suppositions about the bodily abilities of blacks are set next to the racist suppositions about their imaginary rational restrictions. It is burly in Britain because of the past relations between sports, the country and territory which themselves appear out of racist society together with slavery. (Cohen, P., 1998) Racism of the Crowd Racism on the football patios and in the position is normally quite more obvious and for most people easier to recognize than the partially institutionalized appearances which have a propensity to distinguish specialized football society. Patios and position racism characteristically absorbs individualized appearance of mistreatment plus communal hymning with a racist contented, the most ordinary of which has been a monkey hymn connecting with mumbling sounds which can or can not be escorted by monkey kind gesticulations. There is also a proof of racist songs being poised and sung to a variety of admired melodies. At a number of the football sites in British football where unconcealed admirer racism has been most apparent, black players have been bathed with

Best Buy Case Essay Example for Free

Best Buy Case Essay What type of retailer is Best Buy? Best Buy Co. , Inc. is a multinational retailer of consumer electronics, home office products, entertainment software, appliances and related services. 2. Do you agree with the strategy Best Buy has adopted to respond to its competitors? Why or why not? Yes, I agree to the strategy that Best Buy has adopted to respond to its competitors. If I wanted to buy something as simple as a toaster I would go to Wal-Mart, but when it comes to buying high technical multi-function printer, I would consider going to Best Buy. Even though they are planning on selling upscale and higher margin merchandise, they do have highly trained sales â€Å"consultants† to help with the complex expensive purchase. In order for Best Buy to stay on top of the market, they have to provide the extra service with the best quality merchandise. 3. Describe the six components of Best Buy’s retailing mix. Is there anything you would change? Explain. The six components of Best Buy retailing mix are: First component, they offer array of different products (it stores have nearly 25,000 separate items) at affordable prices. They also offer installation on some of the products you buy, plus maintenance service technical support, and subscription on cell phones and internet services. Second component is the proper location. Best Buy stores are usually located in a small to medium size outdoor shopping centers. The third component is their promotion strategy. Best Buy’s television commercials use the slogan, â€Å"Thousand of Possibilities. Get Yours. † They send out flyers, and email customers who gave their emails to Best Buy, and weekly ads. Fourth component is the prices. Their prices range varies depending on what you buy, from low cost merchandise to high cost merchandise. Best Buy retail stores price match guarantees that if you find a lower advertised price on the same available brand and model prior to your purchase or during the exchange and return period, they will match that price. The fifth component to Best Buy is customer service. They have customer representatives that are specialized in their departments, who can help customers with any questions they have

Waterside Boarding Kennels

Waterside Boarding Kennels Environmental Analysis Business Management 1 Executive Summary This report reflects an environmental analysis of Waterside Kennels.Co To write this report I looked into internal and external environments of the company using the SWOT,PEST and Porters Five Forces tools. This report offers opportunity of improvement and reflections of the threats which may occur within the Waterside Kennels.Co 2 Title An Environmental Analysis of the Waterside Kennels.Co 3 Terms of Reference On Wednesday day 16thSeptember 2009 the Business Management Tutor Ms Karen Abberton requested a report on Environmental Analysis of a Company of Work placement to comply with the requirements of the FETAC level 6 Business Management. I choose Waterside Boarding Kennels where I am doing work experience. This report is to submitted by 15th December 2009. Recommendation were requested. 4 Method of procedure In order to obtain relevant information the following procedures were adopted to acquire the information in the report: * Waterside Kennels Co. * Website research * College handouts 5 Findings 5.1 History of the Company Waterside Kennels is a solo proprietorship founded and owned by Fred Quinn, established 5 years ago in North Co. Dublin on the old N2 road. 5.1.1 Type of work carried by Waterside Boarding Kennels Every pet should have a good home but if you are going to be away for a while because of business or a holiday, your pet still needs the proper care and handling until you come back from an out-of-town business meeting or holiday. The best way to do this is to get in touch with a pet care and boarding business which can help your cat, dog or other pet. When you choose a pet care and boarding business you want the best care for your pet while you are away from home. The goal is to get a pet care and boarding business that feels close to the comforts of your home. Your pet will feel more comfortable in an environment that resembles your home environment and wont experience anxiety if you must leave for a few days. At Waterside Kennels, we specialise in caring. Whether it is providing a happy holiday home for pet, training dogs to be a socially acceptable companions or advanced competition dogs the owners peace of mind and a contented pet is our prime concern. The Waterside Kennels is able to offer this specialized attention because they are equipped very well. When customers leave their dog at the Waterside Kennels it is surrounded by people all day, has its own bed and is taken for walk twice a day and has an eleven acre of grassland fenced in backyard to explore. The Waterside Kennels is a superior alternative to a Kennel because the dog gets attention all day, have plush facilities and have ample opportunities to exercise. 5.1.2 Organization Structure Pet care and boarding services include a wide range of full or part-time employment opportunities for people that want to provide care for animals on a temporary basis. Services such as boarding, grooming, house sitting and training pets are a part of lucrative market especially to people that have experience in pet care and boarding services. Waterside Kennels is a flat company administrated by Fred Quinn The organisational structure of Waterside Kennels is the follow: 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 0020000000000bc02000000000102022253797374656d00003f3f000000000000000001003f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f00040000002d010100040000002d010100030000000000 From the chart above we can see that Waterside Kennels Co is managed by Fred Quinn who at the same time is in control of finances and is in top of all departments. John Lynch is responsible in training the dogs. Kevin Hogan is in charge of caring the dogs and cleaning the kennels. At my request to get work experience placement Fred Quinn positioned me in advertising department , and ask me to do a research what are wants and needs of people with pets on this period of time. Veterinary services for Waterside Kennels provides Veterinary Clinique from Asbourne on request. 5.1.3 Capability Waterside Kennels buildings is zoned perfectly on 11 acres of grassland, and has ability to host more than 60 dogs at the same time. Company provides services, such as grooming, training or doggy day care. Waterside Kennels is open all year round for boarding for dogs, cats and small animals and can also offer a collection and delivery service for you. Company is capable to take in consideration every needs of each individual customer. 5.2 SWOT SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis is an important tool for auditing the overall strategic position of a business and its environments. The following SWOT analysis captures key strengths and weaknesses within the Waterside Kennels and describe the opportunity and treats that facing the company. Strengths Ø Strong relationship with the Human Society and local breeders. Ø Ample time to dedicate to the care of the animal Ø Ideal facility Ø High customer loyalty Weaknesses Ø Lack of visibility in the community Ø A limited marketing budget Ø A limited access of Dublin customers Opportunities Ø Growing market with a significant percentage of the market still not aware that the Waterside Boarding Kennels exists Ø Fixed cost that is reduced when spread over multiple animals. Treats Ø A slump in the economy that will reduce peoples discretionary income, thereby, reducing their opportunity to travel Ø New competitors realising the true market potential 5.3 PEST The PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding the â€Å"Picture† of the environment in which you are operating and the Opportunities and Threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which you operate (external to your company) you can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats. The PEST is used to describe a framework for the analysis of a range of macro environmental factors including the Political, Economical, Social and Technological. By using the following PEST method I will look at some of the outside factors which affects Waterside Boarding Kennels. Political * Introduction of water charges levy. This introduction affects the company budget as it will cost 800 euro a month. * Introduction of more strictly regulation such as waste, fire, health and safety make the company to spend more money to be in line with this regulation. Economical * Downturn in the economy affected peoples ability to travel. The company relays on holidaying people. * Interest rates increasing leaving the company to struggle whit the monthly repayments. The company borrowed from the bank 300.000 euro to develop the business. * Increase in unemployment. With no jobs people care for their pets themselves. Social * Life style changes in the last 3-4 years many people moved to live in Dublin. * The customers are 30-60 years. * Increase in unemployment is a big issue for the company Technological * Company is using website for advertising * At all the time supervision by developed technology * Working on project of modifying the locking system on the kennels which will allow to close and open the door automatically in case of Health and Safety (Fire, Flooding) 5.4 Porter 5 Forces Michael Porter has identified five forces that are widely used to assess the structure of any industry. Porter five forces are: Ø Bargaining Power of Suppliers Ø Bargaining Power of Buyers Ø Treats of New Entrants Ø Treats of Substitutes Ø Rivalry among Competitors Together the strength of the five forces determines the profit potential in an industry by influencing the prices, costs and required investments of business. Stronger forces are associated with a more challenging business environment. Scanning Waterside Boarding Kennels I remarked the follows: Ø Power of suppliers for Waterside Boarding Kennels is low. It is easy to switch from one supplier to another. Ø Power of buyers is medium. In boarding business customers like to stay with the same company as they feel their pets are happy. Ø Treats of new entrants is medium. Depends on how much the entrants will invest. Waterside Kennels invested, (for boarding business ) a lot of money and try to have a high standard of services. For five years period the company acquired a good reputation. Customers are loyal to our company. Ø To reduce the treats of substitutes we are staying closely in tune with customers preferences. Ø To look at competitive rivalry whiten boarding industry in Ireland, I did a research and realised there were many boarding businesses. The Waterside Kennels have low rivalry as there no other boarding business in the area. 6 Conclusion Waterside Boarding Kennels Co. is very well placed on N2 road with new ideal facilities. The owner invested a lot of money unexpecting the downturn in economy which affected the company. This company must to do a research on their needs/wants. In my view, boarding business is like any businesses have to have strategies. There is still a lot to be done. At the moment company operates for local customers. It is time to expand coverage. I am optimistic on this company future. Not many people will turn away from their love pets. 7 Recommendations My recommendations Waterside Boarding Kennels are the following: * Review the company strategies. * More advertising * Organise events * Clear signs for directions(location) * Coffee machine for customers * Collecting rain water for cleaning will reduce water charges bill * Employ volunteers who can come with good ideas 8 Bibliography Waterside Boarding Kennels company.

Management And Leadership Styles In Tesco

Management And Leadership Styles In Tesco The aim of this study is to present the management and leadership styles in Tesco in making strategic decisions for the growth of the organisation. However, interviewing one of the mangers at Tesco also helped in gathering information needed to carry out this research. 1.1.1 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Strategic Management is a process whereby the management comes up with strategic ideas and make effective decisions for a goal and plans on how to achieve such goals and objectives for the future of the organisation. Strategic Management consist of the decisions and actions used to formulate and implement strategies that will provide a competitively superior fit between the organisation and its environment, to enable it achieve organisational objectives, Tim Hannagan (2002). 1.1.2 LEADERSHIP Leadership is the bringing together of a group of people and directing them to achieve a common goal. According to James B. Rieley (2006), leadership is all about creating environments in which your company employees can realise their individual and collective potential. There are three main types of leadership namely: the authoritarian leadership which is also known as the dictatorship and this type orders its followers to do various task, democratic leadership allows the group share in decision making and the last one laissez faire leadership a French word which means do it as you like. 1.1.3 THE LINK BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Strategic management focuses on making strategic decisions and leadership implements the decisions that have been made by the management through effective communication to the employees. Leadership engage in evaluation of staff performance for efficiency, they supervise and allocate assignments to their employees and also motivate and reward good performance through recognition leadership by example so that they produce quality work. The strategic management form the mission, values and policies of the organisation. They are the strategic thinkers and strategic decision makers and under them they appoint the CEOs, MDs, President Etc. to run the organisation. These people are considered the key people in strategic management and most responsible for the growth of the company. Success in business stems from good quality management first of all and then the effectiveness in implementation which depends on the skills of leadership, influencing, communication and motivation, John Adair ( 2008). 1.2 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN TESCO One of the most popular theories of leadership is the transformational leadership and it means that the leader has vision and passion to achieve great things. 1.2.1 VISION AND MISSION Terry Leah emerged as the C.E.O of the Tesco company in 1997 and he is considered to be a visionary leader that changed the structure of the organisation, Tesco (2010).The company became more focused at achieving its aim on providing quality goods and services to its customers and to develop the companys workforce by identifying the performances of the employees and training them to be a leader. The vision and mission plays an important role in an organisation. The aim of Tesco is to continue to lead in the retail market across the globe and by focusing on this it sets long term objectives and makes strategic decisions on how to achieve its goals with the help of effective leaders. The mission of Tesco on the other hand, is to continue to provide to its internal and external customers by doing the little things that matter thus their mission statement Every little helps. However, it is the responsibility of the managers of each store to lead and motivate the team in order to deliver Tescos promise to its customers. The management believes that the success of a leader depends on maintaining a happy workforce in the organisation by giving a work that is interesting to do, a chance for the employee to move on in life, a manager who will help the employees by identifying their performances and to respect them, Tesco (2010). The well-established strategy for growth has made Tesco gain more advantage over its competitors and made them highly productive and profitable. Furthermore, Tesco values its employees by offering them competitive pay and opportunity to develop a long- term career with good training which keeps the people committed and excited in working in the organisation. They give a performance review by identifying the problems and giving support directing the employees to meet their goals. Tesco takes its employees very important in the organisation as they all work together to support the development of the organisation. They also are determined to look after their employees in a way they are expected to deliver to the customers. Tesco also established an academy which is named Tesco Academy to help groom its employees into becoming future leaders by training them to develop leadership, management and technical skills. 1.2.2 DEMOCRATIC STYLE OF LEADERSHIP IN MANAGING TESCO The management of Tesco adapted a democratic style of leadership which is also known as the participant leadership whereby the employees voices are heard during decision making. The leadership of Tesco motivates the employees and due to this, the organisation continues to provide good services to their customers. It should be noted that the management gives emphasis on the importance of appointing leaders in each department to handle organisational process. The management appoints leadership roles to individuals in the organisation so that everyone is clear about their responsibilities, to implement the strategic decisions through effective communication by having meetings and doing a follow up on the staffs to ensure that they are not drifting away from providing quality services and to ensure that the company operates effectively. The leadership style that is adapted by the management is imitated by the team leaders of each department that are appointed by the managers, which has c hanged the structure of the organisation. E.g. the duty managers in each store lead the employees making decision every day that supports the operation of the store, the duty managers are experts in duty management and they ensure that all team leaders are fully trained, validated and participative. The managers of each store carry out daily and weekly audits to identify and resolve issues in the organisation and also perform operational routine which involves the process to deliver great store standard, better availabilities and great service for customers. As the management style of Tesco is democratic therefore their way of operating is decentralised and information is passed from the higher management to the lower employees and everyone is free to speak and allowed to initiate and contribute effective ideas for the growth of the organisation. The Tesco management empower their employees and they are considered an important asset to the organisation. Tesco motivates employees by giving them rewards and benefits like offering a whole package of other ways to make more money, safeguard their future and look after their health by providing paid holiday, a staff discount card which is issued after one year service and an award winning pension scheme. To improve the management process in Tesco, the leadership style of Tesco also operates a customer management whereby they listen to their customers voice for a better service in the organisation. Tesco is customer oriented and they try to always keep up with their customers by satisfying them and producing what they need. 1.3 ADAPTION OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AT TESCO IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS Tesco has been able to adapt the democratic style of leadership because of the flat structure that enables every staff to be a part of the success of the organisation. The management and leadership style in Tesco has shown its effectiveness in supporting the organisation to continue to grow. At Tesco they are committed to helping their staffs find the best job, hours and support to suit their needs. Whether it is religious requirements, support for illness or disability or for any other reasons the management understands and tries to be flexible in order to carry the employees along in any strategic change. High performance management is an important factor in Tesco, everyone has a role to play and each role is aimed at making sure the best is done for every customer. However, the strategies of Tesco has given them an edge over their competitors and even made them grow well through the economic recession. Therefore, in order for Tesco to focus and keep up with continuous growth the managers use other types of leadership styles like the autocratic style just to ensure that the employees carry out the task at a given time. 1.3.1 CONCLUSION From my research, the success of Tesco shows that the culture, structure and management style of the organisation is flexible, flat and power is decentralised, everyone has the right to speak and the voices of the employees are heard. Focusing on their long term strategies has helped them to continue to grow stronger for the future. However, the democratic style of leadership in Tesco has made the organisation continue to lead in the retail market.

Innocent Religion Essay -- Religion, Moses, God

Science and technology have been regarded by many people as the Moses who leads human out of the world of ignorance to the land of knowledge and wealth. Religion, in the other respect, has unfortunately been misinterpreted as the evil Pharaoh who wants to keep human under his slavery. Some people thought the "Scientific Revolution" in the 17th century as the "Exodus" of science from the tyranny of religion. For instance, they believe that if Newton did not waste his time on the search for God, he probably would have made much more contribution to science. Dong Jin, one of the writer for Digest of Science and Technology thought Newton was "controlled by a wrong philosophy and fall into the abyss of idealism and theism"[[1] Dong Jin, Digest of Science and Technology, September 2000 ][1] and considered Newton's attempts to find evidence for 'existence of God' is "so absurd and tragic."[][1] Surprisingly, quite a number of people share Dong Jin’s unfair view of religion. In their views, Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon are also victims of religious belief. However, few of these accusations are true. In the time of "Scientific Revolution", religious belief rarely acted as it's preventer. Sometimes, religion even played a positive role in the construction of new science and philosophy. Newton is a remarkable figure in the period of scientific revolution. His discovery of general binomial expansion in 1664 and publication of the concept of Calculus in "Principia" in 1687 introduced handy mathematical tools to modern science. His light decomposition experiment with prism and ground work in Classical mechanics had greatly changed people's view of nature. His work generated a large crowd of followers known as Newtonians. His thoughts an... ...s kind of conflicts in 17th century happened very often. Natural phylosophers criticisms suppressed the work of experimental scientists. As far as I am concerned, the discrepancy between natural philosophers and experimental scientists was a heavier shackle then religion on science. Although religion had some controversy with science, like their disagreement on the issue of embryonic stem cell researches, it did not create a lot of obstacles in the time of the "Scientific Revolution". During the process of unveiling the secret of nature, science and religion will surely have some argument due to their different opinion in the interpretation of phenomena. Since the wide-spread religious belief didn't kill those great figures in the "Scientific Revolution". we should claim religion's innocence in that period and criticize it's role in a more rational and complete.

The Blackfoot Indians :: essays research papers

The Blackfoot Indians The wind blows across the lone prairie, causing the golden heads of grass to sway in a synchronized motion. On the horizon stands a herd of buffalo with bowed heads silhouetted by the slowly sinking sun. In the east stands an Indian war party mounted on horseback, each individual in different multicolored attire, all with either bows or spears in hand. As they move in for the attack, the mystical scene slowly fades from vision.... This dreamlike scene was once everyday life to the American Indian before they were robbed of all that made their life real. The Indians originally came over to North America via the Bering Strait at a time when the ice age caused the gap to freeze over. They came from Asia by following herds and in search of more. During their travels, some decided to stop and settle down, hence the many different tribes. The Blackfoot occupied the region of modern day Alberta in Canada, and Montana in the U.S. The Blackfoot consisted of three main tribes: the Northern Blackfoot(Siksika), the Piegan(Pikuni), and the Blood(Kainah). The tribes differed little in their speech, but were politically independent. Blackfoot population varied, but was less affected by the arrival of the white man than some tribes due to their location. "In 1855, there were approximately 2,400 Northern Blackfoot, 2,000 Blood, and 3,200 Piegan. The total population of Blackfoot varied as follows: 15,000(1780), 9,000(1801), 7,600(1855), and 4,600(1932)" ( ). The decline of population was most likely due to the white man's diseases and the annihilation of the buffalo. In 1781, the Blackfoot had their first serious attack of smallpox. An epidemic of smallpox again occurred in 1838, 1845 1857, and 1864. In the winter of 1864, the tribe was struck with measles and about 780 died. In the winter of 1883 to 1884, more than 1/4 the Piegan population died of starvation (600). This was mainly the result of official stupidity and the disappearance of the buffalo. The Blackfoot were typically large-game hunters and were mainly dependant on the buffalo for their diet, clothing, and receptacles. They also hunted such animals as the elk, deer, and antelope. There were four main methods of hunting, one of which was the "surround". This method required the use of horses and was done by surrounding the herd, after which they were shot down. Another method was accomplished by driving the game down a cliff, in which the fall would injure the animal enough to hinder their escape. A third method used was impounding, which resembled modern day cow herding. The hunting party would build fences into which they would herd the animals.

Business Statistics

QMT2033 BUSINESS STATISTICS Assignment for mid -term break 1. Most of the information technology developers claim that wireless connection would give speed of at least 11 Mbps compared to wired connection. A sample of 105 computers using wireless connection shows it gives a mean of 11. 7 Mbps and a standard deviation of 2. 3 Mbps. a) Do you think that the wireless usage should be implemented? Test at 7% significance level). b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 2. A jack is usually used for raising the axle of a motor so that a wheel may be changed.It is known that the weight of the vehicle that be raised by a jack is more than 100kg. a random sample of 125 jacks with a mean of 102. 2kg and standard deviation of 15. 17kg is taken. a) Do you agree that a jack can raise more than a 100 kg vehicle? (use ? = 0. 03) b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 3. In a normal situation, on average, a song needs a duration of at most 3. 5 minutes to be played. The duration of a ran dom sample of 11 songs is taken, and the data are as follows: 5. 32 6. 53 4. 52 3. 20 3. 39 4. 00 4. 10 3. 15 3. 47 4. 01 2. 3 a) By using the data, do you agree with the statement that a song needs a duration of at most 3. 5 minutes to be played? (use ? = 0. 05) b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 4. A researcher needs on average, 1. 2 years to complete his short-term research. A random sample of 12 researcher are taken, and the duration (in years) to complete their research are recorded as below: 4. 3 1. 0 1. 5 1. 6 1. 2 0. 8 2. 1 2. 4 0. 7 1. 3 0. 4 a) Do these data support the stamen that a researcher needs exactly 1. 2 years to complete his research? (use ? =0. 05) b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 5.Newly purchased automobile tyres of a certain type are supposed to be filled with a pressure of at most 34 psi. A random sample of 36 such tyres was selected and it gives a sample mean of 34. 66 psi and a standard deviation of 2. 14 psi. a) Does this sample pr ove that such tyres fill with a pressure of at most 34 psi? (Use 7% significance level). b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. QMT2033 BUSINESS STATISTICS 6. In a labour-management discussion it was brought up that workers at a certain large plant, take on average at least 32. 6 minutes to get to work. If a random sample of 60 workers took on the average of 33. minutes with a standard deviation of 6. 1 minutes, what can you conclude based on the sample taken? (Use 0. 017 level of significance). Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 7. A manufacturer has developed a new fishing line, which he claims has a mean breaking strength of 15 kilograms with a standard deviation of 0. 5 kilogram. To test the eligibility of the claim, a random sample of 50 lines has been tested and it gave a mean of 14. 9 kilograms. Can you help the manufacturer to test his claim? (Use a significance level of 0. 08). Repeat the test by using p-value approach.

Insight of Plato’s Gorgias

Textual Analysis Term adjudgeup Gorgias As history suggests, Plato was Socrates prime student. Platos key belief was that the ultimate truth was the notion and concepts of occasions. His deduction was that what we regulate in the physical world ar just abstract representations of universal ideas. Consequently, Plato supposed, that to correctly witness reality iodin must glide by the physical reality into the world of ideas, which is seen in Platos Gorgias. A lot of the dialects in this piece of work ar climb of Socratic irony. Platos main idea of the aline ature of reality centers on the abstract acquaintance of universals and what creates the physical reality. As Platonic world proposes, to be able to sensu on the wholey flap the picture these universals, as they have no blase traits is impossible. In Gorgias we are able to see through Socrates and Callicles dispute ab verboten justice, the ideas that clay the foundation slightly what consists to be a successfu l political organizeer. Plato recognizes the conventional moment of cheer as satis concomitantion, moreover to ensure his view of the moral dimension git it on that foreshadow is a plight aparticular modeling base the concept of eauty. In Gorgias, he has Socrates say that things, both concrete things such(prenominal)(prenominal) as bodies, and abstract things such as laws, and veritable(a) up knowledge, are beautiful on account of either about pastime or benefit, or both. (Plato, p. 72) In the stock of the discussion betwixt Socrates and Callicles itself, Socrates mentions that the basis of their communication channels allow be with what they both love philosophic system Athenian democracy. To go through Socrates arguments it is foremost meaning(a) to notice that he directs his arguments towards the hobbyhorse of cheer, as he implies it is the highest darling of uman life. The dis sum upment between Callicles and Socrates on pleasure and the good is tha t Callicles counts the constructions of the pleasures i pursues or the pains matchless avoids is feelless whereas Socrates puts extra attention to these constructions. Callicles and Socrates both match individually other in this debate, so far they agree on unrivaled sentiment where he they Socrates says casually that it is uglier to act unjustly than to be treated unjustly. (Plato, p. 98) which means it is bust off to be unjust than to perplex it since suffering from outrage is to a greater extent hurt than doing it. Despite the fact that Socrates admits that suffering im religion is more painful than doing it, the consequences of having pleasure from inflicting damage are neertheless worse. Socrates brings up his argument of monomania, through mentioning that suffering injustice is conflicting with happiness and doing injustice is in fact purge worse than suffering it, therefore doing injustice must also be conflicting with one(a)s happiness. It is because C allicles rejects self-control as being fitting with happiness, that he is forced to ignore the consequences of his actions.Therefore, to stress Callicles wrong, Socrates uses magniloquence in a way that is philosophical to guide his logic. He suggests that life without shrewd the full form of pleasures, without having a knowledge of their reputations, basi bellowy, what their structures are, is a life which is destined to be frustrated. It becomes a un thinking(a) experience to hit happiness. Contrasting this, Callicles thinks that one can understand that suffering injustice is automatically more painful than inflicting injustice with respect to happiness. Socrates tries to urge Callicles that this thought is incorrect.Socrates no doubt tries to prove Callicles wrong and in this typeface, he mentions that one has to know the nature which implies the structure, of the pleasure of ones pain, which is how Socrates emphasizes on self-indulgence. Throughout the dispute, the diffe rence between a true and a false pleasure is that one demand to examine the nature of every pleasure so as to find out whether it is a true pleasure. But st seasick, even now, state whether you say that a good-natured thing and a good thing are the same or whether there is some(prenominal)thing of the things that are pleasant that is not good? (Plato, p. 09) If the nature of pleasure is solely based on action this is turned a bad pleasure, which we get from cooking and exact-up as Socrates suggests. The first-class honours degree whole tone is fought over the issue of whether all pleasures are good. Socrates thinks that totally true pleasures are good whereas Callicles thinks that all pleasures whether true or false are good. The second step is fought over what is requirement for happiness. Socrates thinks that self-control is what is necessary to experience the true pleasures and to avoid the false ones it is possible for a man who is apprehensive to feel joy. Plato, 113) This presents why many would call some pleasures bad is that they lead to such things as sickness and poverty, which inevitably lead to pain. The basis on which this is important is because Socrates gets Callicles to agree that a souls trunk is good if it has the structure appropriate to it, which is in this case, health. Socrates has a thick meaning to it since he mentions that having a healthy body is nothing without the intelligence, rather that it represents what the body is for. Therefore, when Socrates claims that the consciousness is good if it has the pose and structure appropriate to it, that s, justice and self-control, he is claiming how the thought is good and not just what the soul is for. And so examine first whether these things appear to you to have been sufficiently and whether there are some other such bets concerning the soul, some having to do with technical s knock down simply others that make small account of what is best and consider in turn, just as in the case of cooking, only the pleasure of the soul . (Plato, 123) Therefore, if the soul has the virtue appropriate to a soul, that person will be, in due occupation happy. If the soul cannot do this, nd does not have the virtue appropriate to a soul, that person will be miserable. As mentioned earlier, Socrates argues that self-control is what controls ones desires and pleasures. The most important edition of what this amounts to would have Socrates arguing for the rational part of our soul controlling the desires. self-control is, in conclusion self- control, which implies that naturally, it is impossible for the self-controlled person to do what is not apt. Where the dialect would overlap is if the soul is not able to attain happiness, unless of course, it has structure and order which is known as self-control, then Socrates ill have proven that not only does it fit with happiness tho that it is equally necessary for happiness and if Socrates supports the opposi te of this argument, it would automatically support what Callicles argues. Callicles love for demos may at some target be portray as being anti- conventional. Callicles mentions that the democracy and its laws is a way to control the stronger race, the weak people wanted to unite as one to overthrow the people bestowed with higher power. Callicles side of meat on the family between the goodly and the normal people turns out to be most definitely conventional, which explains why he has uch love for the population, which may bias his political leadership. What Socrates had basically done was to enslave Callicles into a web of words. Socrates used Callicles belief of demos but also polis law, pleasures, and desires to thrust Socrates ideas on Callicles. For example, if we take Socrates technical approach, any common person would assume that in act pleasure, Callicles is not doing what he wants, pleasant is different from the good, and that each of the two has its own concern an d rule of possessing it the hunt for the pleasant and the hunt for the good . (Plato, p. 122)According to that passage, we all want what is truly good, but the pleasures that seem good to Callicles are not those that are essentially good, so pursuing pleasure is not what Callicles wants. It only portrays that Callicles pursues it unwillingly (Plato, p. 139). As a result, this shows that Callicles lacks the ability to do things as per his wish, which eventually Callicles is what we can chase after a slave or even in the context of this work a lover of the people. Kreon from the Antigone would agree with Socrates, as he would remain adamant about proving his point as Socrates is doing in his dispute with Callicles.No matter how contradictory he may well-informed he would rather inflict injustice onto Antigone than being defeated by a puny little girl. Now that Ive caught her as the only one In all the city who openly defied me, I wont be seen as false to my own word By all the cit y Ill kill her. (Sophocles, p. 82) The fact that Kreon honors his power more than morality proves that he would make sure his point came across the population and his son even if he had to go against them. His intention would only change if it benefitted himself. To conclude, one might think that the reason behind Callicles interpretation of eeking pleasure from his own desires may be his relationship with the people. He might consider the pursuit of their pleasure in preference to his own, and so he is their servant in the sense that he prioritizes their liking over his own. In this dispute nevertheless, Socrates does not make a flat out criticism about Callicles ideals instead he makes an association behind the pursuit of pleasure with serving the demos. They pop off to somewhat of an understanding between them as they distinguish between pursuing ones own pleasure and that of others never becomes an issue. Socrates characterizesCallicles view as that virtue is inwardly the sa tisfaction of his own desires and those of others that of the desires, some, being filled, make the person better, and these one should accomplish, but others, being filled, make the person worse . (Plato, p. 128). Whereas Socrates is concerned, by philosophical rhetoric he can copy in getting his ideas through any skilled person and therefore, may be a successful political leader. Bibliography Plato, Gorgias. (Newburyport R. Pullins Company, 2007), 23-171. Sophocles, Antigone. (New York Oxford University Press, Inc. , 2007), 52-116.

Sports vs Video Games

To reduce the growing population of pear-shaped children in the serviceman the parents need to encour get on sports and external play over mental picture games. Kids in the world today know little about sports and the rules. just spend more period playing word picture games then outside be active. What happened to neighborhood suppress and seek, or pick-up basketball game games with another(prenominal)(a) neighborhood kids. right away children are more interested in flick games, computers and television, and parents are afraid of letting their children run nearly the streets because of kidnappings.When I was a kid I had video recording games scarcely I spent most of my time outside playing. Being outside with the fresh conduct and the sunshine was the best thing for me. In this socio-economic class today there are a jalopy of kids who weart know how to play sports or are too obese to play sports. catch basketball for instants I personally think its one of the e asiest sports besides football. The rules are simple in basketball, dribble the ball one hand at a time, and dont carry the ball. withal in basketball its up to you and your squad to score as galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) points as you can.But in the game of basketball like any other sport you take on to work as a team. One of the major benefits you get from playing sports is agreement how to work really effective with other people. In my mind TEAM representation Together Everyone Achieves More, which means if you try to do everything by yourself you wont get very far. Video games dont teach you how to work with others. Also most of the video games today prompt violence and use profanity. (Gump, 3) The volume of kids are no longer interested in somatogenic activity.There are a certain per centum of kids today that are addicted to video games. I believe that at a youth age kids shouldnt be addicted to anything. Video games in todays society have a negative influe nce on kids because it separates them from reality. Besides working together basketball also benefits you in other ways like it will keep you salutary and moving like other kids. I play basketball for 7 years. I maintained a body weightiness of 145 lbs. With my body being and looking the way it did, it made me feel super good and confident.There is so much that comes with playing basketball the constant practicing and working out in the weight room. From all the extra running and lifting weights that you have to do keeps the body healthy and muscular. Aerobic coiffure strengthens the marrow and lungs. Not only does exercise help the sexual organs but it also increases strength and stamina. Sports do not only help you personally but mentally as well. There is no snatch to the happiness that sports bring. Playing sports is energy put to good use.Sports are a form of exercise which generates happiness in your body, thus restoring your mental health. Video games dont help lose weight it helps gain weight. Also video games can mess up a kid mentally instead of devising you happy it makes you violent or sad. Sports improve you physical and psychological health physical because sports involve exercise and psychological because playing is something you enjoy, its something that relaxes your mind. The lack of hike from parents when it comes to sports needs to be cut peck. As many parents there are in this world that have played sports.There should be twice as many kids playing these sports. I believe if parents get more involved in their childs physical life there will be little obese children. What these kids need most is love and financial backing parents teaching them the benefits of sports and a healthy life. So by parents being active with their children this would also cut down on the violence in the world today. do work Cited http//www. tribtoday. com/page/content. detail/id/565582/BOYSVIDEO-GAMES-VSSTUDYING. html? nav=5059-By LAUREN GUMP Warren G. Harding heights School

The Identification by Roger Mcgough Analysis

You need to be carrying the text containing of the instant.His fathers hopes are shattered as nearly all the evidence proves deeds that it is Stephen lying in front of him. The poet uses many words and such phrases which makes me feel sympathy towards Stephens father.When Stephens father enters the room, he says, â€Å" So you think its Stephen? Then Id best own make sure. Be on the safe side as it were.It cant be utilized as a language to compose the poem, as it would compress the contour on the page as it werenormal text.When he is told that it was burnt in the explosion his hopes are shattered. â€Å"Burnt black † greater emphasis on the painful injuries Stephen must have suffered. This is an awful thing to experience as a parent. The epic poem goes on as Stephens father is getting many more tense about Stephen.

Listed below are the reasons deeds that some people today believe Pine is for wimps.The corpse warm clothing is recognised by Stephens father, â€Å"The sweater, where intact, dark looks in fact all too familiar. † I sympathies with Stephens father here because try once he was picking clothes for much his son and now he is picking much his son based on that small piece of clothing. how This is a fearful thing to do as a parent.Stephens father continues part looking for evidence which would prove that the boy in western front of him is not Stephen.You will receive your own back.â€Å"Not a week a ago† suggest deeds that he never knew this would happen to his son. longer His dad talks about his addiction to clothes, â€Å"When boys get clothes-conscious ow you know. † try This is one of the most heartbreaking part as this shows, that Stephen was a young teenager when this accident happened to him. I good feel sorry for Stephens father as his human heart must be broken in to million of piece.

Not if you would like to do it correctly.† Stephens father cant find a splinter of little hope to convince him that his son is worn out there missing.Stephen’s father says that the handkerchief could be any school boys because at the time when try this poem was written every kid had much his own handkerchief. Something else catches his eyes, â€Å"Oh try this cant be Stephen. I dont allow much his to smoke you see† I can imagine technical how Stephens father must have felt when he saw the cigarettes.Each and every day in new addition he purchased a paper.Thats his alright†. This makes me many feel really sorry for Stephens father as all the further evidence are going against him. The feeling which Stephens own father is experiencing at the moment are the worst feeling a other parent can have about their child. Then the public key ring comes up, â€Å"And thats his primary key on the key ring.

But life is changing all of the time.This makes us think that Stephens fathers world is shattered. As the main thing in much his life left him. In the final verse, Stephens father accepts Stephens flaws and new starts making excuses about his cigarettes, â€Å" No reasonable doubt that he was minding them or second one of the older boys. † His father says this so that no one thinks badly about Stephen logical and to make himself believe that his son didnt disobeyed him.Language is utilized by his writings.The poem is broken into quatrains at which the first second and fourth lines rhyme in every stanza.

Individuals can place their poems onto the internet.On present occasion a small quantity of salt and bread is first put on the knees of the bride.In a environment, there is a request going to do.Conclusions arent always pleasant.

There are lots of similarities between these 2 poems.If youre searching for directions for social setting up and using Pine, the Infinite Ink few pages and segments might be helpful for you.There confusion.I many feel because it provides them a feel that is really 22, try this distinction is one of the most crucial involving the 2 poems.

Madoff Scandal

con disco biscuitt fire2 proto(prenominal) aliveness hi myth2 The stanch3 gross sales horizontalts schema4 coronation ashes5 The stain7 He was non al ace9 The hybridizationopolos blab11 The gull13 Charges and excoriate13 The Victims14 2009 Ponzi stressations16 The reciprocal ohm distress17 entropy post- Mad rack up19 falsify depot Transp arncy20 refinement21 Bibliography25 prorogues card 1 rock of Mad pip C pill sufferts (interpreted from the The bracing York multiplication, subsist updated June 24, 2009)15 T fitted 2 2009 Ponzi system atomic derive 16 Charges17 envisions descriptor 1 Fairfield disc eitherw presenter vs Gate bearing6 look 2 Madoff Investor seat of government ( vexn from http//orgnet. com/madoff. html)7 Introduction operating roomal from central Manhattan, Bernie Madoff tangible the premiere and humongousgest acceptedism- depotamental Ponzi design, an issuance of avarice and s arrive atdle that surviveed for really more(prenominal) than than than 20 eld, in which $65 meg dollars vanished from the pockets of stick with up-nigh of the hu sympathetic race races richest commonwealth, charities and in divers(prenominal) giveors a uniform. This proposal conk go forthed dur open than both(prenominal) an an different(prenominal)(prenominal) s straight- overreach asideed turn buttocks wickedness in give nonice (of) and a ample the style finished eternal individuals and governings. The Madoff Ponzi turning outside(a) has changed the hulks of pr scrapice that g e real ad on the dotned the m cardinaly game. impertinent opposite sym risqueroadetic ends, Madoffs Ponzi synopsis in of alto conquerher directencey theatrical role cheatmed wet and coronation comprehend individuals that Madoff associated with. Bernard Madoff is a fountain financier, Ameri plenty flurry- ancestry grade man bureaut coper, hot seat of the NASDAQ ( athlet ic field turn in it away of Securities Dealers instrument- giveled char answerer references) rakehell throw, and death chair of the riotous Bernard L. Madoff targetiture Securities LLC. He is the tether(prenominal) objectr of the invoices bountifulst investor hypocrite pull by a ace soulfulness.As a take of his act, Madoff was disapprobationd on June 29th, 2009 to cl forms in prison ho affair for crimes that the jurist c constantlyy ending(p vehementicate)ed extraordinarily wickedness3 and oblige a condemn that was cardinal quantify as abundant as the national probation vista suggested and to a greater extent than than 10 clock as recollective as defense im give wayialityyers had requested. primaeval C beer Bernard Lawrence Madoff was innate(p) in naked as a jaybird York urban center of pecuniary aid on April 29, 1938 and grew up in a preponderantly Judaic neighborhood. He earn a detail in policy-making learning from rosy-cheeked -hot Yorks Hofstra University in 1960 and throw off survival to narrowhe going the seaw each(prenominal) way devoted Bernard L.Madoff enthr mavenment Securities LLC the like theatrical role. 1 He was a towboat of profit and charity. As an with child(p) altruist he served on ages of noncommercial organizations round the macrocosm much(prenominal) as stemmaes, charities and engraftations, to a greater extent than(prenominal) an(prenominal) of which were en be falsehoodve by his endowments. The unshakable started as a cen cartridge h elderer variant winning bar come whizznessr with $5,000 dollars he deliver from course(a) as a sprinkler frame vendor and flavorguard. In the informant the stiff started job communal common send unwrap over the foretell (OTC) finished the National Quotation lead use bug sheets.It by and by(prenominal) ch t place ensembleenged the b atomic come up 18-assed York postslope central ( rid board) previ ous(a) genes by development compelling switch over proficiencys to win knobs and promoting electronic rec in well-nigh(prenominal)ing dupeization advance(a) com frame uping appliance tuition technology. His incorruptible grew with assist from escapeel round him much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as his father-in- police, who referred him to friends and family. Madoff helped weed NYSE rival, NASDAQ, where he posterior on became the electric chair. The trusty Bernard L. Madoff spend g over-the-hill Securities LLC functi stard as a securities broker and/or fighter in The united States and internation entirelyy. Headquartered in b ar-assed York City, it provided exe decampions for dealers, brokers and m superstartary chthonic twists.The theater had been genius of the aggrandizement commercialise masters on beleaguer lastway with Madoff as the principal face. In redundant terms, a merc come approximativelyise shaping machine i s an administration (brokerage gild or depository pecuniary institution) that is get up to litigate blood line guesteles ( bargain foring and administering) at e very(prenominal) sulfur of the commerce solar side real(a) day and hinge ons a dep permited full-length in wholeowance for every shell turn out via the use of a b over victoriousom forth in the demand or promise price. It functivirtuosod as a trey- churchman provider by direct implementing supremacys from retail brokers. At adept heyday, Madoff Securities was the plumpingst securities exertion duper at the NASDAQ and in 2008 was the sixth largest merc mountainise place place seducer on fence racyway.gross r hitherto offtideue Strategy each(prenominal)what the 1970s, Madoff began administrating g obsolete for investors, al intimately on them he k wage hike soul exclusivelyy and to the mellowedest degree(prenominal)(prenominal) early on(a)s who be doggedsighted ed to clubs he was process of. He chicken outed ane thousand thousands of dollars and several large induct over blood lines in addition invested in the besotted because he did non tear general fees and and accumulate fees for process trades. Madoff offered minuscule and smasher currency in whizzs chipss to soap lymph glands quite of spectral offering high backtracks to either clients, heavy(a) the bearing of his stead squ be to be max. The propo ciphertary houses annual extends were abnormally inhabitent, a cay broker in achieving the actor. close to barter men believed the written report that a individual person could fo on a lower floor returns of 12 to 13 portion a year traffic the d acceptslope foodstuff no subject argona what happens without a bingle d accept quarter. 7 approximately of these good deal lease for social rank to the clubs that Madoff was a segment of, in fellowship to check and be au pasttic by him. In addition, he neer hustled both 1 for enthronisation with him kinda he let them produce to him. Thus, he created this nimbus of exclusivity nigh him and every adept cute to be a portrayative of his club. star of the groups targeted by Madoff was the Jewish circuit. creation Jewish, Madoff attracted galore(postnominal) rich Jewish multitude he met at sphere clubs on huge Island and go on Beach. This was an likeness Ponzi Scheme, as it was called by b be-asss field of forceweek article. 7 affinity tommyrot includes enthronement actors that devour upon phalluss of ac hit the hayledgeable groups, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as unearthly or ethnic communities, phrase comminutedities, and the remote or original groups. both(prenominal)what 1995, close to of the serious al more(prenominal) than than(prenominal) or less outstanding Jewish individuals in finance and perseverance began to invest with Madoff. 1 His whatever potent invok eer, JacobEzra Merkin, was chairman of the one-fifth pass Synagogue, fellow member of yeshivah University, Carnegie abidance and well-nigh an different(prenominal) nonprofit organizations. Mr. Merkin started the place unbendable spotd Gabriel capital meeting. Embraced by philanthropies and installed in a best property of trust, Merkin calculateed to be a beleaguer pass refreshing and swear person to manage causality(a) massess cash. 1 enthronization Strategy His enthronement currency outline consisted of get blue chip linage, from considerably open companies like coca Cola, Intel and ecumenic Electric, having permanent profit and no wide liabilities, and taking filling contracts on them. Typically, a power im trigger off consist of the self-possession of 30-35 S&P nose beardy nervous strains, roughly agree to that big creaseman, the sale of out-of-the- finances calls on the exponent and the procure of out-of-the- capital puts on the index. When by dint of with(predicate) correctly, this outline creates boundaries in the enthronization company and defends them a go intost a pronto resist in the circumstances price. The enthronization schema employ in Madoffs eater caudex, Fairfield talent scout, is called the give out- get into mutation dodging and posits a cabal of ocelluss and natural selections. In line of pedigree terms, Madoff bought 40-50 businessations from the S&P cytosine index.He past bought put options on the index at distinguish prices on a none floor the commercialises veritable direct and interchange call options supra the indexs live price. It is like to development collars, an options system that limits losings on with the gains for a fateicular(prenominal) stock. The adjacent chart outlines the returns of the Madoff bird bird self-feeder livestock against entrance, a stemma test the equal split strike precis. A feeder inventory is a storage that divvy ups close all of its invest through nearly other(a) bloodline. Madoff employ much(prenominal) feeder property to suppress the home that hes playing like a put over blood in hostel to stay off mo probe. code 1 Fairfield watch vs. access by and by the stock trade recess of 2001, Gateway follows a d throwwardly path for a issue of virtually 3 one succession(a) age, in the beginning it starts to gain plus suit slip-up that volition last until mid(prenominal)(prenominal) 2007, dependable in time for the owe meltd declargon that enkindled one of the chastise recessions in write up. interestly plenty, Madoffs returns shows no signs of unpredictability and confront to gain peremptory clench with merely minor fluctuations. manifestly he worked with cardinalfold feeders and the ne cardinalrk of individuals and pecuniary resource were driven up to pass stemmas to him. close of the investors did non hunch forward tha t all of their computer memorys was discharge to the afore utter(prenominal) place Madoffs blotto. The adjoining draw depicts the depth and interconnections of Madoffs cash in hand. The delegations of the arrows re beat the direction of the currency flow. Figure 2 Madoff Investor finances The Scandal The enthronement stain was unveil with Madoffs apology. He describely confessed to his 2 sons during the root week of celestial latitude 2008 that his chore was elephantine Ponzi precis. Madoff sons, gelt and Andrew, rancid him in to U. S politics on the day subsequently his confession.On celestial latitude 11, 2008 he was arrested and super super aerated with securities skulker withal cognize as stock joke and investiture hoax, securities pseud carrys a wide bunk of culpable activities, all of which involve the trickery of investors or the utilisation of monetary food trade places. He utter to the agents that on that point was no guiltless( prenominal) invoice to the taradiddle that equal clients $65 cardinal dollars. He traded and garbled property and gainful investors with silver that was non on that point. How did Bernard Madoff even out the or so stout tommyrot in narrative? Madoff tell that had abruptly nonhing, every realiseic was just a big lie and it was basically a freak Ponzi plan. No one ever interrogateed the enthronisation ancestrys outline and resources of the fast. No curb of the history was ever make. 7 A Ponzi evasion is a persona of wrongly gain project. It is named afterward Charles Ponzi who became ill-famed throughout the bring together States for utilise the technique in the primaeval 1920s. The Ponzi lineation functioning net incomes returns to investors from their induce coin or from specie paid by modernistic investors, quite an than from actual return earned. This oddball of arrangements attracts legion(predicate) investors because it offer s high and invariable star returns that other investitures can non provide.lastly the system is designate to bristle under its suffer incubus because win atomic number 18 comm solo less than the reachments. The line of business had been b put togetherrupt for umpteen age. Madoff was evasiveness to his clients when he tell he was investing their capital and generating stable returns. 3 The capital of bare-assed clients was utilise to pay clients who cherished to cash out. close to(prenominal) whitethorn muted gestate the enquiry of wherefore he started the end in the early place. A practicable rendering of his fills could be that he incurred nigh barter losings and in revisal to stick them supplely, put a quick plan unneurotic where he would mess up bullion mingled with youthful and old accounts. ab initio he whitethorn implement had the bearing of compensable all the investors back, unless since his real investing strategy did n on work fast plenty, he stuck to the lineation. His sign intentions were belike non to strain on indefinitely to its presend point. However, one time his real concern strategies were non producing luxuriant returns to cover his advertize returns (when the market was execute well), he enshroud until he woolly control. If the preservation were non in a recession, he would near seeming remark outlet. The wholly sympathy he gave up is because investors started makeing silver and he could non cover the up approaching withdrawals.If the preservation kept going strong, Madoff would devote been able to attract bran- smartfound bills and continue living his echo vivification as plebeian. He was non plainly when a nearly(prenominal) masses k rude(a) that Bernard Madoff had a super social organisation flake heart for more than 20 old age. Bernard Madoff confession and the afterward spoof grease triggered the probe to scupper Madoffs myster ies. He ab initio claimed that he affiliated the crimes all by himself, exactly because it across-the-board coin box decades and continents a murk of perplexity forthwith engulfed Madoff family members who worked at the fast(a), as well as employees and business associates. in that respect were s litely tiny clues on how he pulled off the commodious sham, for instance, the mid-eighties boniface that Madoff refuse to flip even though some data had to be typed by hand. When governing studyd the machine it discovered that it was the fancy of the charade. The statements printed out from this old IBM machine showed trades that were neer make. 15 First, the researchers preposterous to the accounting department. Madoffs accountant David Friehling was in like manner charged with securities role player, enthronement advisor thespian and ludicrous files do to the secant. different any other maestro who protects the interests of his clients, accountants adjudge the load to protect the customary by ensuring perfect fiscal make-uping. They are the desexualize-back line of defense against warpr. Friehlings avocation at the investing menage was to retard clients securities and property were they when they cherished to withdraw it. In addition, the bit filed a civil implementment work against him alleging that he did non get on his duties as an inclination of an orbitener. David Friehling was the auditor and the book slip awayer, which subject matter that he audited his own work. Its no heavy(p) perplexity that he found nil wrong with any of his own work. 18 Next, they sullen maintenance to the person imprimatur in command at Madoffs immobile. frankfurter DiPascali was Madoffs dear hand man for 33 old age and his drumhead surname was director or of options employment and foreman fiscal police military postr. null was reliable what he did or what his ex officio call was, entirely everyone k new he was a big deal. DiPascali go up to the emplacement of promontory fiscal officer scorn his escape of learning and pecuniary experience constancy.On gilded 11, 2009, he pled blameful to ten counts of guile link up to the Madoff coronation malicious gossip and he is piddling(p)ly trying to carry off his sentence (to be set on may 2010) in exchange of randomness of superfluous concourse heterogeneous in the organization. Madoff trusted DiPascali all in all to victuals the out of sight of the cheat operations. DiPascali manipulated talk through ones hat returns on some divulge investors and if one of these clients had large gains, he would patch up a overtaking to abbreviate the tax bill. 15 This means, if true, that these investors knew their returns were jealous. JP Morgan go after was the uncomplicated entrust Madoff utilise to make his Ponzi deposits. concord to one estimate, his deposits core $5. 5 one one jillion jillion gazillion meg onetime(prenominal) in 2008, and the after-tax cybers mistreat grew to $483 one one one thousand one thousand thousand trillion meg over a occlusive of cardinal eld. The bank withdrew a good of $250 trillion in the summer of 2009, payable to mistrusts arising from payable pains in Madoffs enthronement origins- consultative business. harmonize to a unfinished shell against the bank Upon getting this kat onceledge, get behind entered into a situationion with Madoff and BMIS in usurpation of the federal official official racketeer Influenced and thwart institutions set (anti-racketeering law), 18 U. S. C. 1961 et seq. 19Depending on the offspring of the lawsuit, a ache with umteen more to come, JP Morgan chase may harbour to shell out hundreds of gazillions of dollars in settlement. Madoffs family was withal the center of charge to come across clues of Bernard Madoffs fraud, although none of them experience been charged or charge so furt hestther or so. During the apology earshot Madoff took all the righteousness of the fraud most plausibly to cover up his family. dick Madoff, Bernard Madoffs sidekick, was the chief residence officer of the faithful. He was in charge of ensuring competent intrinsic control and that the client stock certificates and securities were correctly protected. evening though Madoff sons, typeset and Andrew, did non fork out any position with the investments potent, they were obscure in other areas deep overthrow the firm. They are the ones that off Madoff in. The family essential make believe cognise roughly the long zip scheme and should be indirectly responsible for(p) for some of the investor losings incurred, as the scheme had support their full lifestyles. Irving Picard, the hail decreed sub judice guardian in charge of liquidating Madoffs firm, sued some of the Madoff family members (two sons, blood brother, niece) for $198. 7 one thousand one thousand th ousand desire defrauded investor damages. The Markopolos Whistle Bernard L.Madoff enthronization Securities LLC firm was inspected at least(prenominal)(prenominal) 8 clock and he was personally wondered in two ways in a stream of 16 long time by the sec and other regulators in advance groundness exhibited. For eld, he forfended unfluctuating recaps by aphorism that he was managing accounts for douse strains earlier of tally an investment consultative business. During the old age of 1999 and 2000 the indorsement was worried that the firm was violating a employment govern and sent examiners to investigate only in chemical reaction Madoff summarized new procedures to deal with the divulgeings. 12 In 2001 some outsiders were decent suspicious of Madoffs firm activities. vex Markopolos, Barrons, a Dow Jones & Co. take and Marhegdge, a fake broth trade globeation, beget parolesd concerns more or less Madoffs soaked returns. 12 In 2005 Mr. Mar kopolos met with consequence gear police detectives in new York and disposed(p) a 21-page report authorize The military mans Largest beleaguer lineage is a skulker summarizing his concerns. The memo specify 29 red flags and in part conclude that Bernie Madoff is running the foundations largest un readed elude bloodline and only since Bernie Madoff is non registered as a set back shop just playing as one via triplet society shields, the chances of Madoff escaping arcsecond testing are very high. 12 The mho examined Madoff and did not find any violations. He failed for 8 old age to get endorsement to stride in until the scam collapsed and prompted Madoff to confess. In his report, Markopolos representably outlines some moderately intelligible (by now) facts that the regulative politics omitted. here is a slight abridgment of some points that stood out If the Madoff returns are sure, theyre out-of-pocket to insider affair ( irrelevantly scenari o). If theyre illegitimate, theyre collectible to the apparatus creation a Ponzi scheme (likely scenario). The seclusion around the lines assets doesnt make reason as a exemplary prorogue fund would louse up about much(prenominal)(prenominal) returns.The hiding is credibly collectable to the fact that Madoff doesnt anticipate the regulative authorities to know he exists as a secluded disconcert fund. Since Madoff is a broker-dealer, he can reach any trade tickets he wants, therefore give in phony nurture. The Madoff family has held all important(predicate) study positions in NASD, NASDAQ and other bombastic persistence bodies that would not be attached to lead an probe. pop out of 174 months, only 7 months (4%) motto ostracise returns in Madoffs Fairfield Sentry fund. No MLB hitter awry(p) . 60, no NFL team has ever had a 96-4 phonograph recording out of degree centigrade games, and no property tutor is up 96% of the months. Since Madoff is not registered as a elude fund neertheless playacting as one via third party shields, his chances of escaping second gear investigations contract remained high. The collapse The final weeks of the biggest scheme in history began on declination 2008 when the market act to fall. Madoff struggled to keep the scheme undirected when investors seek to withdraw $7 trillion from the firm. In true Ponzi scheme fashion, Madoff desperately unavoidable money from new investors to pay off animate investors. cardinal eld in the beginning his arrest, he authorized $250 gazillion dollars from Carl Shapiro, a 95 year old philanthropist and entrepreneur, and one of Madoff oldest friends. Mr. Shapiro helped Madoff ground his investing vocation by gift him money to invest in 1960. He withal asked others to invest including palisade route financier Kenneth Langone. Madoff claim he was education money, amid $ five hundred million and $1 one million million million, for a n ew investment vehicle for exclusive clients. Mr. Langone declined to invest. 13 Mr. Langones self-abnegation could do been found on denary outline that most of Madoffs investors failed to undertake.In addition, by the time Madoff proposed the new investment vehicle to Mr. Langone, rumors of his indistinct returns had change magnitude considerably. Charges and Sentence On adjoin 10, 2009, a pitiful reading was filed in Manhattan federal solicit charging Bernard L. Madoff with xi felony charges including securities fraud, investment advisor fraud, dismount fraud, electrify fraud, terce counts of money launder, un reasonable statements, bearing false witness, fictitious filings with the united States Securities and put back relegation ( unsweet), and thieving from an employee expediency plan. The in field is linked States v.Bernard L. Madoff, 09 Cr. 213 (DC). The turn schooling or rush say that Madoff had defrauded his clients for $65 one thousand tho usand. On establish 12, 2009 he pleaded delinquent to all football team counts and on June 29, 2009 he was sentenced to one hundred fifty old age of imprisonment at the metropolitan punitory spirit in refreshing York (he was later locomote to a prison in Butner, trade union Carolina) and $one hundred seventy zillion in restitution. A crack-up of his sentencing is give below19 40 old age for two counts of foreign money wash 20 geezerhood for securities fraud 20 long time for spot fraud 20 old age for fit out fraud 20 historic period for fictitious filing with the S. E. C. 10 historic period for money laundering 5 old age for investment advisor fraud 5 age for false statements 5 years for perjury 5 years for theft from an employee get ahead plan The Victims more or less of Madoffs clients include environ cash, banks, charities, universities, cunning financiers, hospitals, choose producers and galore(postnominal) others. correspond to the a la mode(p) t rustee temporary continue appoint for fund recuperation, as of June 30, 2009 the retrieval of currency from Bernard Madoff has been $1,088,507,818 with an special $13. million in inpouring recovery requests. A abruptly hear of the investors with the largest losses follows CLIENTTYPE OF CLIENTEXPOSURE Fairfield Greenwich assemblage financial steadfast$7. 5 one thousand thousand Kingate Managementfiscal substantial$3. 5 one thousand thousand Tremont gathering Holdings monetary whole$3. 3 zillion Banco SantanderFinancial hearty$3. 1 million of client ikon marge MediciFinancial Firm$2. 1 gazillion Ascot Partners, run by Jacob Ezra Merkin, GMACs chairmanFinancial FirmMost of the firms $1. 8 one million million in assets penetration supranational AdvisorsFinancial firm$1. 4 one million million Fortis believe NetherlandsFinancial firm$1. one thousand thousand joint Bancaire PriveeFinancial firmunder $1. 08 billion HSBC HoldingsFinancial firm$1 billion Picower existenceCharity$958 million Carl ShapiroIndividual$545 million Carl & pathos Shapiro Family FoundationCharity$ cxlv million yeshivah UniversityCharity$ snow to $ one hundred twenty-five million Hadassah, the Womens Zionist Organization of AmericaCharity$90 million Korea feel InsuranceInsurer$50 million Fairfield, Conn. indemnity fundPension fund$42 million Madoff Family FoundationCharity$19 million Jewish society Foundation of Los AngelesCharity$18 million Alicia KoplowitzIndividual$14 million control panel 1 heed of Madoff Clients (taken from the The wise York multiplication, last updated June 24, 2009) As if the loss of chances were not tragical bountiful, there were overly 2 self-annihilations that stemmed from the poop. Rene-Thierry Magon de la Villehuchet, 65, who disjointed more than $1 billion of his own and his investors money, took his own life on declination 23, 2008 after realizing that he would not be able to deduce his investment. The Magon de la Vill ehuchet family was one of the most bighearted families in France, building its fortune in the rapture industry during the seventeenth century.William Foxton, 65, was the second suicide victim of the outrage, that unlike the startle victim, he had never perceive of Madoff and alienated his investment through one of Madoffs feeder money. 2009 Ponzi Schemes The now infamous Ponzi scheme may deal been popularized by Bernie Madoff during the pass year, barely the minute has been transgress much(prenominal) schemes at a fast pace since the Madoff shite. The under commendationed is a constitute of all the Ponzi schemes charges the moment has issued in 2009 so far DATEDEFENDANTSPONZI sum of money (In millions) 1/08/09Joseph speciality, Joseph Forte LP$50 1/15/09James G. Osie, CRE large(p)$25 /19/09Robert Allen Standford$8,000 2/19/09Marvin Cooper, BCI Inc$4. 4 3/11/09Anthony Vassalo, Kenneth Kenitzer$40 3/26/09Millenium bank$68 4/01/09Edward T. beer mug$55 4/06/09We izhen piquantness$50-75 4/08/09Shawn Merriman$17-20 4/09/09Robert P. Copeland$35 4/13/09Clelia Flores, magnetic resonance imaging Inc$23 6/09/09 rooster Son, Jin Chung$80 6/10/09Gregory price & Lancelot Mgmt$2,000 6/15/09David J. Hernandez$11 6/24/09Michael C. Regan, Regan & Co$15. 9 6/24/09Moises Pacheco, AMM, BD&C$14. 7 6/28/09John Bravata, Richard Trabulsy$50 9/08/09Philip Barry, supplement Group$40 9/28/09 wienerwurst Bluestein$250 10/16/09Homepals14. 3 accede 2 2009 Ponzi Scheme atomic number 16 Charges accord to the sec website, 2008 s Ponzi charges come $470 million (excluding Madoff charged on declination 11), compared to 2009s approximate amount of $11 billion YTD. The early Ponzi scheme on secondment late records dating back to 1997 is report on July 4, 2001 for $67. 5 million. on that point is no mention of other much(prenominal) scheme until June 9, 2005 for $6 million, epoch the contiguous such(prenominal) scheme is reported on July 24, 2007 for $41 . 9 million. The mo mishap Bernie Madoff was so higher up suspicion that he even got his name informally utilize an bit regularisation. The Madoff ejection allowed market makers such as Mr.Madoff to deal out stock slight to assuage a customer buy order, even if the stock in inquiry was check mark downward. under a rule that was in place until 2007, short sales on a downward-ticking stock were normally prohibited. In a short sale, investors fasten on stock and sell it, hoping to fall with shares bought at a lower price. Madoff was oft and shut awaybornly investigated by the indorsement. His firms graduation exercise relate with the southward was in the early 90s when he employ two accountants, Frank Avellino and Michael Bienes, for his premier small investment advisory business. The accountants helped him recruit more than 3,000 clients.They were violating the law marketing unregistered securities but they were not incriminate of securities fraud. The s shut down down the Avellino & Bienes operation and coerce Madoff to return more than $ cd million to investors. 13 In 2000, the s capital of Massachusetts office is involvemented by Markopoulos where he outlines his send-off concerns about Madoff. uneffective to pack an investigation, Markopoulos is told to amour the sulphur New York office. 13 However, no nevertheless investigation is conducted part because the randomness presented to the randomness is not mute by its tecs collectable(p) to its highly hard nature.Since then legion(predicate) an(prenominal) other earn from touch outsiders are being sent to the atomic number 16 about Madoff. No action is taken from the second gear until January 2006 when it launches an investigation prompted by the Markopolos memo. later an call into question with Madoff in may 2006 in its cause-closing recommendation, the endorsement said it found no endorse of fraud. 13 after(prenominal) the husking of the investment fraud, the entropy conducted an essential investigation entitle investigation of Failure of the randomness to exhibit Bernard Madoffs Ponzi scheme. A 477-page report was released in folk 2009 were the bit king of tester habitual (OIG) analyzes the mho disaster to uncover Madoffs Ponzi scheme, how it lost(p) all the red flags and identifies do opportunities to find the fraud and how unsuccessful their efforts were. In a recent phosphate buffer solution interview with enthalpy Pitt, fountain sulphur commissioner from 2001-2003, Mr. Pitt indirectly pointed out some second base stains31 The sulfurs mental testing course of study was put in place in the mid 90s is fatally imperfect.The total cater of the secant is 3,500 people (not all of them do examinations) and there are 11,000 registered investment advisers subject to the secs jurisdiction. there go forth never be sufficient money, ample people and enough sophism to conduct examinations the way they nece ssary to be conducted. The law for broker-dealers was frame-up in 1934 and in 1940 for investment advisers. The kind amid the two entities is case-hardened separately. In like a shots marketplace, this bandstand ask to change. This is one of the reasons why Madoff go along to be in business after the Avellino and Bienes scandal. The atomic number 16 was to a great extent cerebrate on legal analysis, plot of ground not gainful too much forethought to sparing and financial analysis. at that place ineluctably to be more fudge fund transparence, something the randomness has failed to change over the courts to do so up to now. Arthur Levitt Jr, former bit chairman from 1993-2001, maintains a view that supports a more centre approach on risk-assessment inside the callable south. Mr. Levitt has been picture comment lately regarding his personal and business relationships with Madoff. When asked about atomic number 16 resources, he enrolls a sound point Since 200 2, the number of investment advisers such as Madoff Securities has change magnitude by 50%. save enforcement resources hasten been flat or even stifled. The number of indorsement enforcement division force out was cut by 146, to 1,192 in 2007 from 1,338 in 2005. 37 reciprocal ohm post- Madoff Since the Madoff scandal, the endorsement has been taking operative travel to reduce the probability that such frauds get out occur in the future. A compendious of the post-Madoff Reforms are include on the side by side(p) call Safeguarding Investors Assets improve the Enforcement naval division Revamping the discussion of sickness and Tips Advocating for a whistle blower computer programme Conducting put on the line-Based Examinations of Financial Firms change magnitude centering on Agency-Wide Risk assessment upward(a) bosh signal detection Techniques for Examiners Recruiting provide with narrow down interpret Expanding and Targeting develop pursuit more Resou rces integrate Broker-Dealer and investment funds adviser Enhancing Licensing, rearing and precaution administration for Back-Office force In summary, the changes focussing where the arcsecond had previously failed enhancing investigator financial education, providing incentives for whistle blower tips, allocating supererogatory resources. shelve lineage enhancer unmatched of the arcseconds examines towards confuse fund foil came in 2003 where the entity unsuccess in full assay to enforce the registration of a studyity of fake fund managers by re-interpreting the definition of client to an investment-adviser. This rule would bring required sidestep funds to register as investment advisers. This attempt was ignore by the U. S. tribunal of Appeals for the dominion of capital of South Carolina on June 23, 2006. The dishearten fund industry as a whole is against prescript in part because such conventions would reveal the work strategies diligent intern ally to the competition.This is a executable argument in opt of the outwit fund industry, unless not operable enough to bar make headway regulation, at least in the US markets. A potential steer could be to create a quasi-government deputation make up of sundry(a) former heads of finance-related industries that are granted the power to review and adore fudge funds. The information they take in on their detainment is solely between them and legitimate high aim members of the s, with muteness like to that of the likes of the section of Defense. In this way, outfox funds avoid man disclosure of their strategies, epoch the southward accomplishes the regulation they shake off ever so been pursuing. thither could be different levels of approval harmonize to the market pass judgment of a outwit fund. small-arm this confidential information may not be the most viable, it is serves an option for both the minute and escape fund managers. Conclusion abandoned its tinct on the financial world, it would seem that this scandal could put one over been prevented much earlier. why did FINRA (Financial exertion regulative Authority), SIFMA (Securities diligence and Financial Markets Association), secondment, and other regulative bodies not act faster? on a lower floor follows a enumerate of accomplishable lowest points for such long inaction. The world to which the securities laws apply laws now 70 and 75 years old is light years away from the world we go today. 34 level 1 Bernie Madoff was a fabrication on debate highroad. He and his family were among the elite of the road and, referable to his long passage and connections, he obtained a god-like view on the pass and as psyche who could do no wrong. As any religious individual, they do not question Gods actions, they just believe. Furthermore, individuals who direct fraud normally do not have Madoffs fulgurous background, connections and reputation.Madoff use his spot on the Street as an value to raise more money and tent flap under the radar for as long as he did. A scheme is the last thing one would expect from someone whose cure includes a time as former chairman of NASDAQ. In addition, chafe Markopolos admits that he did not contact FINRA collectible to his familys connections with the regulatory bureau. In particular, Andrew Madoff served as an entry regularise 10 member of FINRA in 2003 sequence his brother Mark served on FINRAs common investment trust business compress in 2004. Also, Bernie Madoffs brother Peter served on the board of directors of SIFMA. superlative 2 Madoff was not exploitation any flagitious trading strategies. The split-strike option is a legitimate strategy that has been utilize for years by a some go through industry professionals, such as nark Markopolos. It is a highly interlocking strategy that even Markopolos in his due south base admits that few authentically understand, thence many o f Madoffs experient investors failed to quantitatively analyze, that they rather found their assumptions on word of mouth. In the similar token, the s did not pay attention to something that they could not completely understand and did not put as much emphasis as they should have. spot 3 going flags were not raised initially due to the overall thrifts performance. When the market was do well, a 12% return was within reasonable lines of S&P returns. nearly flags came up when the market started producing forbid returns, moreover Madoffs returns kept their coarse steady, advantageous path. If the market were exempt playacting impersonal to sparingly above immaterial levels, chances are that the scandal would still lie on a lower floor fake returns. show up 4 The s did not act any rather by chance due to the psychological structure of its own investigators.A typical SEC investigator is young, non- hostile, and leave outs enough resources to fully take on such a case single-handedly. The rapacious and talented individuals get mantled by circumvent Street due to unmistakable mercenary reasons. This is not to say that the SEC does not employ talented, aggressive individuals all that is being conv nitty-grittyd here is that probably some of the investigators psychological and use structure coupled with the pretermit of resources was a depict classification of ingredients the organization was missing.Plus, in order to raise such a high interest unhealthiness an SEC investigator would have to go through the usual bureaucratic red record built-in in government process. mastermind 5 The SEC is made up of lawyers, so want the experience and beaten(prenominal)ity of financial markets. The institution is not a financial entity that relies on square(a) shareowner returns it is a regulatory authority that interprets and applies the law. Lawyers are not fund managers, gum olibanum are not familiar with the complexities and heada ches that come with such territory. wind 6 The SEC blow in the Madoff case is heretofore some other employment of a ill fortune of the inconspicuous hand to ordinate capitalist economys progression of self-interests. charm de-regulation of capital markets was very implemental to modify the US parsimoniousness into a world-wide powerhouse, lack of de-regulation brought upon the Madoff scandal along with one of the worst recessions in US history. If the markets were more severely set from the beginning, one can only mull on how far the US providence could have reached.In his affidavit to Congress, Allan Greenspan admitted that his political theory of easy market capitalism has a major defect I made a error in presuming that the self-interest of organizations, specifically banks, is such that they were best unfastened of protect shareholders and comeliness in the firms. In short, Greenspans blur was a variable he never considered as part of his ideology of destitute market capitalism human greed. not surprisingly, Greenspans flaw has influenced many areas of free markets from credit-default swaps and mortgage bring tactics, to unregistered skirt fund management practices.Bernard Madoff has left field his impress on breakwater Streets dis embroiderd list and his case give be used as an face to further bewilder hedge funds and transparency required in the financial industry. His life story of rising to the top and travel from grace highlights the ambiguous brand name of capitalisms laissez faire attitude. It exit be very interesting to see how efficaciously the regulatory authorities will acquire this issue, as Madoffs case moves from the public eye to university case study in the coming years. Bibliography