Morphology of Rural Settlements in Malda Essay

Abstract: The rural settlement within the Malda district highlights human attempts for the livelihood and building the habitat on the diverse geographical landscapes. The characteristics of its natural endowments, social conditionality and historical antecedents and most importantly the human efforts gave the rural countryside a certain kind of social and morphological characteristics. The morphological characteristics of the villages have been collected from the different natural regions of the districts in order to understand the divergent forces and feature of it. This paper has focused on understanding the settlement pattern in the Malda district in the three broad geographic regions of it namely Tal, Diara and Barind. Key Words: Village, Morphological structure, Geographical landscapes, landuse, The Malda district. Introduction: Settlement morphology is primarily concerned with the lay-out, plan and internal structure of the settlements. It not only views settled area in terms of physical space but identifies its various components in respect of socio-economic space which has its direct bearing in controlling the arrangement of buildings, patterns of streets and fields and functional characteristics of settlements in general. Types, Form and Pattern constitute the three basic elements of morphology of rural settlements. Type would refer to three sets of formal and functional relationship: I) house to house, II) street to street and III) street to street. The inherent principle of village morphology is the human instinct of gregariousness. To have a comprehensive view of settlement, it deals with the morphogenesis and the morphological structure of rural settlement. Besides the geometrical shape, this is visualized through air view or on a well drawn map, as one aspects of the form of a settlement, the intern al arrangement of lanes, houses, with varies relationship, provide another aspect, named as morphology, hence morphological structure. The morphological structure of villages, as concrete expression of human activity in space, involves five principles of settlement formation, advocated by Doxiadis. His hypothetical frame for any settlement consists of four parts: Homogenous parts, Central part, Circulatory part and Special part. These basic parts are closely associated with the dimensions of height, length, width and time, which are best explained by morphological analysis of the villages. The internal morphology naturally involves analysis of structural morphology and social morphology. Of these, the former concern with the description and interpretation of relationship involves and deals with the varied dwelling group, community structures and land or spaces. Literature Review: Agglomerate and isolated homestead would be the two extreme types intervened by a large number of intermediate types. While in an agglomerate type there is one habitation site on which are located all the buildings, in the dispersed or isolated type there would be as many habitation sites as the building. Form connotes the geometric shape of the aggregate of building and streets, and thus, is expressed through innumerable categories, such as circular, rectangular, square, quadrilateral and irregular. Finally, pattern would be indicating geometrical arrangement of large number of settlement suggestive of correlation with natural and cultural features of the landscapes. Form, type can be applied to individual settlements but pattern is applicable only to a set of large number of rural settlements (Mukerji A.B, 1976). Generally rural settlements spread over number of buildings and distribution of cultivated lands on several levels. Just as in the cases of scattered and dispersed village s, this type of settlements represents a typical form which there can be established a sequence of form and structure (Gh. Iordache, 1974). The tendency of grouped households, agglomerating in the heartland is typical for settlement within plain lands, with intensive agricultural economy and low relief intensity. The phenomenon of households agglomerating in the heartland is result of the complex historical, economic, social and demographical factors (V. Cucu, 1998). Study area: Malda district consists mainly of low lying plains, sloping towards the south with undulating areas on the north-east. Located between latitude 24040’20’’N to 25032’8’’N and longitude 87045’50’’E to 88028’10’’E. The Mahananda River divides the district into two regions. The western region is further subdivided by the river Kalindri into two areas. The northern is known as ‘Tal’- it is low lying and vulnerable to inundation during rainy season, the southern area consists of very fertile land and is thickly populated, commonly known as ‘Diara’. The region of mature alluvium that had given North Bengal its old historical name of varendri or barendri is known today as ‘Barind’. This region is made up of the ancient alluvial humps that are remnants of old riverine floodplains that remain unaffected subsequently by inundation and renewed silting. Fig 1: Broad physiographic map of Malda district Fig 2: Study area map Source: District Human Development Report, Malda Source: District Human Development Report, Malda Harischandrapur I & II, Chanchal I & II and Ratua I & II are located in Tal region. Gajol, Old Malda, Bamongola and Habibpur are located in Barind region and Diara region consist English Bazar, Manikchak, Kaliachak I, and II & III. For my study, I have studied on Harischandrapur I & II from Tal region, Adina from Barind region and Manikchak from Diara region. Objectives: The rural settlements within the Malda plain area highlight in the geographical landscape by specific features which give its individuality. The characteristics of its natural background (majorly plain area- sub-divided into Tal, Diara, and Barind etc.), social-historical evolution and conditions and human economic activities gave the villages certain morphological-structural features, which harmonize with the general features of rural settlements within the plain. The following subtypes of settlements are viewed in the area- agglomerated, compact and dispersed villages. The selective objectives are– * To analyze the Characteristics of rural house type; * To determine Characteristics of rural house building materials with their availability * To analyze rural road type and rural road network; * To determine the landuse pattern in different physiographic divisions. * To analyze rural economy with relation to land-use pattern and daily habits of the rural habitants; * To find the impacts of Physical environments on land use of the villages. Database and Methodology: Both primary data and secondary data have been used in this term paper. Secondary data related to physiographic map, satellite images from Google earth, census data 2001 etc. For this term paper, primary data collected from one selected blocks from each physiographic division and field survey has done on this areas. To analyze data a very simple statistical tool like bar graph has been used. Analysis: Characteristics of rural house type: At first this paper shows characteristics of rural house type in the district of Malda. In Malda district, houses in rural area express the basic relationship between human beings and their physical and social environment. A feature common throughout most of Malda is the courtyard. This is in the centre, in front of or behind the house. This open space alternates as living room, workplace and storage space. Rooms are built round the courtyard with doors opening into it. The rooms often surrounded by raised verandas. Fig 3: Rural houses are located around the courtyard Fig 4: Animal breeding in open space in front of house Source: Field Survey Source: Field survey The plinth of the rooms is often raised. When rooms are built along one side of the courtyard only, three sides are fenced or walled in with an entrance door at the front. Such layout provides both privacy and safety. The courtyard provides the division between the outer part of the house and the inner sanctum reserved for women. This kind of layout is common all over the rural area in Malda. Fig 5: Rural house with conical roof Source: Field survey In Malda district, another significant characteristic of rural houses are that their roofs are inclined because in rainy season, the sloping roofs allows water to drain off. On the other hand, some conical roofs are found in certain tribal and caste areas of Malda. In my study, I have seen this kind of roof characteristics in Harischandrapur in Malda. Characteristics of rural house building materials: different blocks of Malda district, rural dwellings are built of locally available materials. Generally houses in rural area have made by mud, bamboo and brick. Some hay made houses are also found in rural area. Very few number of pakka houses are found in rural area in which mainly Brahmin families and economically well developed families are lived. For making wall of the houses, people use brick, mud, hay etc. In the case of making roof portion of houses, dwellers use mainly tile (square brick for flooring or roofing), hay and tin etc. Fig 6: Brick made house with tile roof Fig 7: Hay made house with tile roof Source: Field survey Source: Field survey Fig 8: Bamboo made house with tile roof Fig 9: Mud made house with tile roof Source: Field survey Source: Field survey Due to non-availability of proper building materials, there did not allow for the growth of permanent of settlements. Tents made of skin or leather used by the various tribal groups in Harischandrapur block. They were the dwellings in this area before modern housing materials began to be used. So the mud and sundried brick houses with thatched or tiled roofs are the commonest in Malda district. The quality of house building materials used depends on the economic condition of the owners. In some areas of Malda district e.g. Adina, Harischandrapur etc, government also provides prefabricated building materials. The using of house building materials of dwellers in rural area depends on physical conditions of Malda, mainly the climatic condition. The climatic condition of Malda is very harsh throughout the year. For example, in this climatic condition people use mud for making their house in rural area because mud reflects the sun heat and makes the house relatively cool in summer season. Rural road type and rural network: Rural roads are the last link of the transport network, however, they often from the most important connection in terms of providing access for the rural population. In Malda district, permanent or seasonal absence of road access is a constraining factor in terms of providing rural communities with essential services such as education, primary health care, water supply, local markets as well as economic opportunities. The availability of such services and opportunities are difficult to sustain without a quality and well maintained rural network. In rural area of Malda district, both metalled and unmettaled roads are found. Cart tracks are also found in villages. The conditions of the roads are not very good. Especially in rainy season roads are broken as well as damaged. The common feature is that most of the houses in rural area are located besides the both sides of the roads. Fig 10: One unmettaled road of Adina Fig 11: One mettaled road of Harischandrapur Source: Field Survey Source: Field survey Fig 12: Village road joints with NH 34 Fig 13: Damaged village road in rainy season Source: Field survey Source: Field Survey In other hand, another common feature of the rural area is that roads under the villages are directly meet with the National highway. This common feature indicates positive aspect of village road network in Malda district. In Malda district, keeping in view the socio economic benefits accruing from providing road connectivity to the villages, there is a need to impart greater thrust to providing road connectivity. So government launched the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna (PMGSY) in different blocks in Malda, with the objective of providing road connectivity through good all weather roads to all unconnected habitations. Landuse pattern of three broad physiographic divisions in Malda district: The differences in cross regional landuse pattern across the Tal, Barind and Diara reflect the same set of settlement intensities, agrarian features and agricultural constraints. According to 2001 census, landuse patterns of Malda district are as follows- LANDUSE PATTERN OF THREE BROAD PHYSIGRAPHIC DIVISIONS IN MALDA DISTRICT Divisions| Landuse in hectares| | Homestead land| Orchards & Pasture land| Culturable wasteland| Net cropped area| Net irrigated area| Multi cropped area| Tal| 4712| 140| 213| 92373| 16528| 68426| Barind | 3717| 161| 262| 109539| 9563| 32751| Diara| 7176| 134| 196| 78098| 8480| 38225| Source: Census 2001 HOMESTEAD LAND DISTRIBUTION ORCHARDS & PASTURE LAND DISTRIBUTION CULTURABLE WASTELAND DISTRIBUTION NET CROPPED AREA DISTRIBUTION NET IRRIGATED DISTRIBUTION MULTI CROPPED AREA DISTRIBUTION In the Diara where settlement densities and regional land pressures are the highest, the quantum of land used for homestead purpose is nearly as high as the sum of homestead lands in the Tal and Barind. The extent of Culturable wastelands available for potential future cultivation in the Diara is correspondingly low. However, while the Net Cropped Area (NCA) is highest in the Barind, the irrigation and multi cropping intensity here is relatively low. Thus unlike the Tal where virtually all agricultural lands are multi cropped, a large portion of farming operations in the Barind are carried out on monocrop land. Cropping intensity in Diara for entirely different reasons, this has to do with the seasonal flooding and region experiences, as a result of which agricultural land becomes inaccessible for a certain part of the year. In recent times, the spread of mango cultivation, brinjal cultivation, chestnut cultivation etc. across the Diara has also been a factor in reducing cropping int ensity. Fig 14: Canal irrigation in Harischandrapur Fig 15: Irrigation through shallow machine Source: Field survey Source: Field survey Generally the main source of irrigation is rainwater. Others irrigation facilities like canal, shallow machines are also found in some part of Tal region like Harischandrapur. Due to these facilities, agricultural lands are mainly multi cropped as well as cropping intensity is also high in Tal region than Barind and Diara region. The cropping intensity of Tal region is about 205% where 156% in Barind region and 167% in Diara region. Rural economy with relation to land-use pattern and daily habits of the rural habitants: Rural economy is directly related with the livelihood pattern of this particular region. The differing characteristics in rural settlements and their habitant have seen across in Malda district seem directly related to livelihood pattern and work opportunities in different sub regions. Work participation is highest in Diara which has the highest density of settlement. However, the livelihood stress caused by rapid growth of district population against a limited land resource base means that work participation rates are well below 50% in all three regions of the district, and are lowest in Tal region at just under 37%. Each worker in the Tal thus has to support an average of 1.7 dependents, against 1.4 dependents in Barind regions and 1.2 in the Diara. According to 2001 census, in Tal and Barind region almost 75% of rural people are engaged in agricultural activities. Household Industries are mainly concentrated on Kaliachak I and Kaliachak III. Almost 50% people in total workers are engaged in Household industry activities. In other hand, in Old Malda, Englishbazar, Kaliachak I and Kaliachak II, almost 50% people are engaged in other economic activities. So, mainly rural economy depends on agricultural activities. Outside, the Barind region, therefore, land scarcity is a major problem in the district. Agricultural and in Tal and Diara regions is mostly irrigated and already intensively cropped and cultivated. The scope of generating additional employment for the landmass in agricultural sector in this region has become progressively limited since each hectare of farmland in Tal and Barind blocks already engages between 2-4 agriculture on the average. In the Barind where the land situation is more favourable, most farmland is mono cropped because of terrain factor, low water table and resulting difficulty in providing in supplementary irrigation on such lands to generate additional work opportunities in agriculture. Consequently, the district is now poised for a major shift of workers from cultivation to non agricultural sector. Impact of physical environments on land use of the villages: Physical environments directly affect on land use pattern of the villages. In Malda district, the soils of the Barind regions are hard silty clays of a reddish hue that has developed through the sesquioxides. Organic residues in this soil are highly decomposed, leading to no acidic soil pH at levels as low as 6.8 in the Barind tracts of Malda. Organic carbon content is also generally low at 0.54% in these Malda tracts, as a result of which overall soil fertility remains at modest level under unirrigated conditions. Since the undulating terrain in the Barind promotes a fair amount of runoff and the hard impervious clayey Barind soil permit little percolation, most of the monsoon runoff accumulates in the large natural bills or pools in the ravines formed by the courses of the Tangan and Punarvava rivers, covering the low lands here until long after the monsoon is over. Spanning Manikchak, Kaliachak I, II, III and Englishbazar blocks within the district, the Diara is relatively well defined flatland formed by the fluvial deposition of newer alluvium in the transitional zone between the Barind upland and marshy Tal tracts. The Tal is mostly composed of Bog lands formed in mainly marshy pockets around vestigial inland drainages. Consequently, Tal is strewn with innumerable marshes, bils and oxbow lakes. The uplands of Barind gradually slope downwards towards the north-east and north of Malda district in the region lying beyond the Mahananda. The six development blocks situated here. They are bounded by the Mahananda to their east, by the Ganga to west and the river Kalindri to the south. Since the tract is bounded by the river, soil conditions improve considerably, providing favourable for mango orchard and for the cultivation for jute and several other kharif and Rabi crops. However although the geophysical situation of the Tal is relatively favourable compared to that of the Barind. Being the largest of three sub regions, the Barind also has the largest number of habitation. However, these are widely dispersed and their populations are smaller. The reasons for the lower scale of human settlement in Barind lie in its semi arid and water deprived character, with upland soils that supports a lower intensity of cultivation. Conversely the Tal and Diara, which are better endowed with water and also with fertile sedimented soils, have supported more diversified cultivation, more work related migration, and greater intensities of human settlement, which is reflected particularly in the Diara by higher masculinity within the regional population. Cross regional differences also occur in agricultural yields across the Tal, Barind and Diara, which reflect intrinsic differences in soil quality, water availability and land husbanding practices. Except for the yields of the main aman rice that grows in rainfed condition over the monsoon months, agricultural yields are uniformly higher in the well watered Tal region. Again the yields overall for the Barind is actually a consequence of the vast extent of land cultivated during the rainfed aman season when differences in crop yields across the three regions are minimal. Major findings: * Common feature in the most of the rural area in the Malda district is courtyard base rural houses. This is in the centre; houses are built up around this courtyard. * In the Malda district, rural settlements are mainly semi-compact and disperse type. * In rural area, people build their houses with the help of locally available materials. Their houses patterns depend on both their economic condition and the physical condition. * In Malda district, keeping in view the socio economic benefits accruing from providing road connectivity to the villages, there is a need to impart greater thrust to providing road connectivity. In rural area of Malda district, both metalled and unmettaled roads are found. * The landuse patterns are different in different physiographic divisions in Malda district. Homestead lands are well distributed in Diara tracts, where In Barind region, orchards and pasture lands, net cropped area and Culturable wastelands are well distributed. On the other hand, irrigat ion facilities and multi cropped area are well distributed in Tal region. * The rural work participation rates are highest in Kaliachak I block. In other Kaliachak blocks, Harischandrapur II, work participation rates exceeds uniformly but WPR is very low in Englishbazar, Manikchak, old Malda and other blocks of Tal regions. * Mainly rural economy depends on agricultural activities. Majority of rural people in Tal and Barind region are engaged in agricultural activities. Household industries are mainly concentrated on Kaliachak I and III blocks. In other hand, in Englishbazar, Manikchak, Kaliachak II and old Malda blocks, half of the worker people engage in other economic activities. * In Barind region, overall soil fertility remains at modest level under unirrigated condition. Upland of Barind is bounded by the river, soil condition improving considerably, providing favourable for mango orchards, and for the cultivation for jute and several others kharif and Rabi crops. * In the Tal and Diara region have supported more diversified cultivation due to fertile sediment soil. These conditions occur more work related migration and greater intensities of rural settlements which reflect on Diara by higher masculinity. * Agricultural yield in Tal, Diara and Barind regions differ due to intrinsic differences in the soil, availability of water and land husbanding practices. Agricultural yields are uniformly higher in Tal region. Conclusion: Malda district is mainly lower part of the Gangetic plain as well as southern part of the North Bengal plain. The three broad subregions can be defined physiographically within Malda district like Tal, Diara and Barind. The village economy of the Malda district is based on agricultural activities, orchards etc. Agricultural features of Malda district depends on monsoon climate. Irrigation facilities are also available in the Malda district. Major portion of agricultural lands in Malda district are multi cropped. Traditional houses pattern in rural area has been changed by the economy. All over morphology of the rural areas are almost similar to each other in three physiographic regions. Agricultural crops are mainly jute, paddy and wheat. Mango orchards spread large portion of the Malda district. Rural houses types are almost similar all over the Malda district. But in the case of livelihood pattern, some regional variations are followed. In Tal and Barind region, large number of people engages in agricultural activities, on the other hand household industries and other economic activities are developed in Diara region. In rural area of Malda district, half of the people have engaged in agricultural activities which indicate the agriculture based rural economy. At present time, government has taken some steps for development of rural area in Malda district like Pradhan Mantri Gram Sarok Yojna; Jatio Gramin Kormosangsthan Prokolpo etc. this kind of project control the morphology of rural settlements in Malda district. Another feature of village area in Malda district is that some tribal people have been lived in periphery of the villages. This tribal people are not permanent, they are come at a particular time of the year for some work and after finish their work, they go back. In my study, In Harischandrapur block, this kind of sight has been showed. So at a glance, rural morphology in Malda district is much diversifi ed. References: * Bylund, E., ‘Theoretical Considerations regarding the Distribution of Settlement in Inner North Sweden’ in Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 42, No. 4, Advance and Retreat of Rural Settlement: papers of the Siljan Symposium at the XIX th International Geographical Congress (1960), pp. 225-231. * Desai, A. R. (1961), Rural India in Transition. Popular Book Dept., Bombay, 1961. * Doxiadis, C. A. (1969) ‘ Ekistics, An attempt for a Scientific Approach to the Problems of Human Settlements’ in Science and Technology and the Cities (eds.), Committee on Science and Astronautics, U. S. House of Representatives Washington, D. C., U. S. Govt., p. 9. * Ghosh, S., Introduction to Settlement Geography. Orient BlackSwan, 2008. * Mandal, R. B., Introduction to Rural Settlement. Concept Publishing Company, 2009. * Mukerji, A. B., ‘Rural Settlements of the Chandigarh Siwalik Hills (India): A Morphogenetic Analysis’ in Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 58, No.2 (1976), pp. 95-115. * Siddique, A., Rajbongshi, B., ‘An Analytical Study on Design and Analysis of Stabilised Rural Roads’ in Proceeding of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 813-828, 2005. * Singh, R. Y., Geography of Settlement. Rawat Publication, 1994.

How Does Orwell Convey His Thoughts and Feelings to the Reader Essay

George Orwell conveys his thoughts and feelings to the reader in many numbers of ways. One way in which he does this, is with his use of language in the third paragraph. Although the third paragraph is very short, it is clear to see what George Orwell’s feelings are about the Elephant. ‘It seemed to me that it would be murder to shoot him’ shows the reader that Orwell did not want to shoot the Elephant as he would feel like he had murdered someone. From this evidence, we can deduce that Orwell believes that Elephants have human characteristics otherwise; he would not say that killing an Elephant was ‘murder. Also in the third paragraph, when George Orwell uses the word ‘grandmotherly’ to describe the ‘air that elephants have. ’ The reader is able to see that Orwell believes that the Elephant contains human characteristics. He would not being using a word like ‘grandmotherly’ to describe an Elephant as it is a word associated with humans. Another way in which Orwell conveys his thoughts and feelings to the reader is by his mention of the ‘immense’ crowd. Throughout the passage, Orwell is always making a point about the crowd which has gathered to watch him kill the Elephant. When Orwell is saying things such as ‘the immense crowd’ and ‘the will of the faces behind me’ it shows the reader that Orwell feels like without the crowd, he would be unable to shoot the poor defenceless giant. It is also clear to see that Orwell is put under intense pressure by the masses that are willing him on to kill the Elephant. When Orwell says ‘The crowd grew very still†¦happy sigh, as of people who see the theatre curtain go up at last’ shows to the reader that Orwell killing the Elephant is like a show for the thousands of Burmese people watching him. This creates pressure on Orwell as he is playing the role of a lone actor. It is as if he is the star of a one man show. As he is the only way ‘acting’ he is the only one under pressure from the large crowds, which have gathered with anticipation to see him perform. The performance is Orwell shooting the Elephant. The final way in which Orwell conveys his feelings and thoughts to the reader is the tone Orwell’s narrative adopts. The tone adopted by the narrative is friendly, revealing yet informal. This approach helps to draw the reader in to the passage. A revealing tone is created by Orwell throughout the passage as he is always revealing that he does not want to shoot the Elephant, but the presence of the crowd is forcing him to do it. Evidence for this is ‘it would be murder to shoot him’ and ‘To come all that way, rifle in hand, with two thousand people marching at my heels, and then to trail feebly away†¦no that was impossible. ’ Orwell creates a friendly tone in his passage by using words such as ‘laugh’ and ‘happy. ’ Although these words may be out of context, they still show the reader that Orwell is attempting to make as much of a friendly atmosphere for the reader as possible. The final tone Orwell creates is an informal one. This is clear to see throughout the passage as Orwell is always using an informal tone. The informal tone shows to the reader that Orwell believes (thinks) that the passage does not need to be formal as the topic which he is discussing is an informal topic. To conclude, George Orwell conveys his thoughts and feelings to the reader in three different ways. These three ways, are equally revealing as they all convey Orwell’s many different thoughts and feelings to the reader.

Essay on how man is destroying the Environment Essay

Man is an integral part of the environment, yet he is the arch-enemy of it. For centuries man has been thriving on its generosity. But in his quest to make life very simpler and more luxurious,, he has turned a blind eye to the damage caused to the environment. Our greed to get the most out of everything has made us contemptuously neglect the environment, although we all know that our very existence depends on it. A careful analysis of why there are imbalances in the environment will highlight numerous mistakes and aberrations on our parts. After doing so, I reason that there are certain traits in us that have led to the present situation. The first is the innate tendency to discriminate. After divining the world into geographical entities by drawing imaginary lines called ‘borders’, man has divided societies on the basic of color, creed, religion etc. The immediate effect of such division is bias. Primarily our world has been divided into major categories based on the qualities of life- developed and developing. Although the word ‘developed’ seems to have comforting implications, the problematic aspect is that these countries have not attained this status without damaging the environment. In fact, they have tampered with it to a great extent. Every element of the environment, be it land or water, has been exploited. The other category, the developing nations, is like a teenager who has just turned adult. He wants to enjoy every bit of comfort and freedom that was till now the prerogative of the developed nations. Lately both the developed and the developing nations woken up to the ramifications of damaging the environment. Various conference and summits have been held to find solutions to the problem. But the outcome of all these has been the same; no consensus has been reached on how to preserve the environment. The prime reason of the discord is the question of responsibility. Both the parties present their own set of arguments to evade the issue. The developing nations allege that it is the developed which have misused natural resources and hence, the onus is on them to preserve the environment and undo their actions that have led  to the present scenario. At the end of the day, the victim of this blame game is the environment, which is languishing due to mankind’s apathetic nature. In order to progress, every country needs to set up industries for manufacturing essential commodities. Both the developed and the developing nations have extensive set-up of such industries that cause more pollution than any other thing on the planet. The amount carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by these has already reached dangerous levels. Carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, is the main cause of global warning. It has been reported that the average global surface temperature has risen by 0.56 degree C. One of the effects of this surge is that the Antarctic ice caps have stared melting thereby making the sea level rise. Based on their respective findings, concerted scientists fraternity has been trying to draw the attention of the policymakers to the grave situation that we have put ourselves in. Some lo-lying areas are already facing the threat of being submerged by rising sea levels. The increase in average temperature has also caused warming of sea waters. We all are well aware of EI Nino that occurs dues to warming of the Pacific. Countries, particularly those encircling the Pacific, are the worst affected by the weather disturbance that it brings along. Heat waves, one of such weather problems, kill a large number of people very year. The above paragraph present a global picture of discrimination and divided politics. Even within a country we find it very common. We do not have to rack our brains to find a suitable example. Our very own India has deeply entrenched caste lines. People of superior castes believe that certain activities should be carried out only by those from the lower strata of the society. Cleaning drains and toilets and picking rags from the streets are expected to be carried out by these people. If these workers go on leave, no individual from the upper echelons of the society would engage himself in such work. Young individuals from lower castes ni longer wants to continue with this petty work and want to pursue something that is socially more acceptable. It has widened the demand-and-supply gap resulting in squalid surroundings. If people understand their duties and change their outlook a  bit, the problem can be readily solved. As has been practiced in the developed countries for years now, home owners should themselves collect and dump the garbage at the local collection point. They should not look down upon this because keeping’s one’s surroundings clean is not dis-respectable. They should also not expect someone else to do this on their behalf just because that person stands lower on the social ladder. The second trait that has led to the damage of the environment is self-centeredness. The motto of people goes like â€Å"If it suits you, carry on and forget about everything else†. Unfortunately, the word â€Å"everything† is that seems to refer o the environment because it is that one thing which everyone tends to forget about. Again, no better example comes to mind other than India to substantiate this. Right from the festivals, to holiday trips to part celebrations, our actions disrupt the balance in nature. Starting with the festival many of them involve submerging sacred status in rivers or seas causing water pollution. Water bodies have self-cleaning ability, but if polluted beyond the saturation point they disturb the aquatic life . Many varieties of fish are known to have become endangered due to our negligence. Some festivals involve blasting crackers which causes air pollution. Not only this, stray animals suffer severe trauma because of the unbearable noise of crackers. Moving on to our overzealous vacation trips, we somehow damage the environment there also. Some of our hill stations have started getting warmer. The rise in temperature is partly due to the vehicles coming to these areas packed with visitors and emitting CO2 copiously. Such scenes have especially become common in places like Mussoorie, Shimla, Khandala, etc, which are close to major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, etc. People do not mind taking their high emission vehicles to these serene places, thus disturbing their ecology. And all this is due to inadequate government policies and the indifferent attitude of the people. It should not be surprising that after enduring so much, the environment also runs out of patience sometimes. And then its fury is unleashed. This is quite evident from the fact that the rise of sea level due to global warming is giving nightmares to scientists across the world. It is posing a serious hazard to the existence of a number of islands by threatening to wipe many  of them off the world map. Nature is hitting mankind back in some other spheres as well. In parts of Indian, climate changes due to heat wave render the crops useless and on occasions this happens right before the harvest. Being primarily an agrarian economy, it becomes very difficult for India to cope with such a challenge. This makes evident that the environment retorts whenever it is tampered. Another very compelling example is that of yaks, Yaks, that are suited to very cold climate and are confined only to upper regions of the mountains, are brought down to lowers areas where tourists throng because they are a major tourist attraction. Lately it has been found that these Yaks meet untimely death because their bodies are not able to adapt to the warmer conditions downhill. In turn there owners suffer heavy loss. Another area where meddling with environment can have dire consequences is land pollution. Whenever waste is not disposed of properly, the dump becomes the perfect breeding ground of pathogens resulting in epidermis such as plague and dengue. Other diseases such as asthma are one the rise in large cities where air pollution is more acute. The groundwater level has been plummeting in more of the cities due to improper use of the precious water resources. Whenever there us scarcity of water, people fight it out to get their share when the local water tankers arrives in their locality. These examples clearly, indicate that whenever man disturbs the environment balance, he is in fact digging his own grave. It is the time man undid the damage done to his surroundings. Both the developed and the developing nations should come together to protect the environment. Instead of questioning each other’s duties, they should collectively strive for a solution and step up their efforts to save the enviroement. In fact, every county should do its bit. Likewise we, in India, should cooperate with the government on its politics and also help formulate new ones to protect the environment. Closing the tap properly and switching off appliances when not in use are some of the basic appliances when not in use are some of the basic measures that require almost no effort on one’s part but still can make a huge difference. Other measures like using public transport, ensuring that surroundings are not polluted during festival celebrations can go al long way towards protecting environment. Effective advertising campaigns proper education imparted to poor people, involving  business hoses, etc, will also pave the way for a better environment. At the end of the day, we must understand that maintaining the balance would not only help us but more importantly, would ensure the very existence of life on Earth.

Qatar National Vision 2030 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Qatar National Vision 2030 - Research Paper Example As far as the living conditions are concerned, the vision aims at developing beyond the production of oil. Basically, vision 2030 Qatar aims at impacting the human development, social, economic and environmental development. Human development is an aspect of the vision that Qatar aims at bringing it to life. The aspects that have been outlined in the human development include the health of the people of Qatar and their political well being. According to General secretariat for development (2012) the vision aims at improving the health of a citizen of Qatar by coming up with a system of healthcare provision that is well integrated. Technology is the order here and, therefore, healthcare services will deploy the latest technology for the good of the health of the people of Qatar (National Health Strategy, 2011). In addition, the people managing the healthcare services will be well trained to meet the high world-class standards. The services will be made accessible to everyone and, ther efore, no one will be left out in any case. The world-class healthcare provision will not only serve the existing generation, but also the generations to come. The political aspect of human development shall be based on the constitution to help in the resolving of the political leadership of the citizens of Qatar. The aspect of human development is a key pillar to the achieving the vision 2030 because, people make a very precious asset to the country (Qatar Tribune, 2011). If the investment are well established in the people, full participation to economic, social and political aspects will be guaranteed. As a result, the entire society will prosper. Human development also stresses on the improved education and full participation in the Qatar workforce. With human development the vision is achieved because, healthy living will dictates productivity, improved education improves on knowledge while improved participation results into sustainable economic growth. Social development is a lso a pillar onto which Qatar vision 2030 is built. Social development aims at projecting components such as the social welfare of the Qatar citizens and also protection to the citizens. Social development also aims at motivating the citizens of Qatar to actively participate in the development of national unity. Social development also entails equal opportunities to access education, career development and employment opportunities without basing on factors such as ethnic groups, age, social status or people’s background. Social development also aims at providing adequate social care and protection. In essence, it aims at developing families that are dedicated enough to offer protection and care to its members while taking into account the moral standards of the society at large (Ng and Khalaqi, 2011). Social development is a stepping stone to the achievement of the Qatar vision 2030 as with it, a well developed social structure will be formed and hence enhancing the internati onal cooperation. This hence means Qatar will stick to its international role, and hence sustainable growth. Economic development is also a pillar that plays a crucial role in the attaining of the vision 2030, of Qatar. Economic develop

American History Since 1865 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

American History Since 1865 - Essay Example Roosevelt was more concerned about the general public and believed in the notion of relief, recovery and reform. Soon after gaining office, he introduced different relief programs which provided employment to thousands of unemployed persons. He reduced the expenses on military, research and education to increase the funds required to boost the economy. His approach was very successful and provided a head start for the nation to recover from the Great Depression. 2. What can you understand about the problems facing the nation or about American culture and society of the day? The primary problem faced by the American nation was unemployment. However it had not resulted only from the crashed economy but also due to materialistic work practices of the people. The people were more concerned about earning easily rather than through hard work. The other major problem faced by the society was the improper utilization of the natural resources. The land was abundant in natural resources but la ck of leadership and coordination among the people had hindered in its proper utilization. The nation lacked a stable currency that could suffice for all the trade and commerce. The competition and monopoly of big organizations had throttled the small scale businesses and caused widespread unemployment.

Characteristics of the Tribal Misseriya in Abyei and Their Role in Research Paper

Characteristics of the Tribal Misseriya in Abyei and Their Role in Current Sudan Conflict - Research Paper Example Initially, the Arab traders used to trade on the African slaves through north Sudan. These slaves were often collected from the interior land of south Sudan. Some of the black African women were kept by these Arabs as their concubine. When these women later had children with the Arabs, they became half Arabs and half Africans. Misseriya is one such tribe with corrupt identity who has been discarded by both Arabs as well as the Africans. Misseriya tribes, though have been discriminated against, prefers to be Arabs. They speak Arabic and follow the traditions and cultures of the Arabs. From the education point of view, these mixed tribes of Mundukuru, Janjaweed, Jalaba, Misseriya etc. have an advantage over the black Africans as they formers were accepted by the Arabs as their offspring and were therefore provided education. (Silvio, 2011) Tribal customs to maintain peace Some of the customs, which has evolved over the years, in order to maintain peace among the different tribes of Sud an and for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts, are that they should respect their elders who are the custodians of their customs and traditions, they should be taught to be able to â€Å"forgive and forget† and not carry forward grudges, should have respect for traditions, should try to keep away from conflicts and violence with other groups, should maintain cordial relationship with the neighboring tribes etc. (Suleiman, 2011, p.4) Misseriya and the ongoing Sudan conflict The reason for conflict between the Ngoc Dinka and the Misseriya herders lies in the fact that the Ngoc Dinka claim to have native rights on the territory but the Misseriya herders rely on those fertile pieces of land for grazing their cattle. The conflict is turning into in impasse on the ground, blocking trade from the North and stranding thousands of Southerners who want to return back to home from North Sudan. These tribes have centuries of conflict behind them. There existed group o f Misseriya militia who used to attack people travelling from north to south or vice versa in Sudan. The Misseriya tribe also fears that Abyei will want to be a part of Southern Sudan when it will vote in 2011 referendum to split from Sudan and as a result of which the Misseriya tribe may lose their conventional grazing rights and therefore their livelihoods. (Sudan Watch, 2009) The president of South Sudan has promised in the past as well that Misseriya will not cease to enjoy its grazing rights even after the north-south border turns into an international border but the situation is far from resolved. The situation had become so critical that the tribal leaders of Misseriya had given war warnings some six days before the votes in South Sudan on the matter of splitting itself from the Northern Province was due. The Dinka tribes, another major tribe of Abyei, were willing to join south. It was announced that a war without any excuse will be the outcome of such a move, i.e. trying to appropriate Abyei to the south. The result of the conflict was that the vote, which was due on 9th of January, 2011 has been delayed till the issues of borders and residency rights are not cleared. (Sudan Tribune, 2010) A local agreement on grazing rights has been signed on January 14th 2011 between the elders of Ngok Dinka and Misseriya but it

The Corporate Strategy of Google Inc Case Study

The Corporate Strategy of Google Inc - Case Study Example y they Goggled while searching for it hence achieving its mission of â€Å"to organize the world information and make it universally accessible and useful (Chaffey, 2010). A corporate strategy is plans designed to achieve some specific or particular goal; otherwise it is cooperation scope and direction geared towards various business operation working together to achieve set goals. Google being information sharing company it require strict and laid down strategies which it should follow to ensure that it successfully progresses. This has made it have an experimental culture those empowers employees, but more importantly defending its core. This experimental culture can well be explained using a four part analysis (Rosen, 2008). The first part of the culture strategy is earn, then entice, defend and lastly to expand t Google’s 95% of its money come from advertising. Google has a very clear and distinct vision of what it wants to become. We dwell in the world that information is valued so much due to increase in intelligence, communication technological information, innovations and education, though organization and compiling of this information that need to be shared out Google comes into safe the world (Rosen,2008). The company revenue income in its ads is slowing down despite its continuous innovation and introduction of new services and products. This creates a bad picture for the company forcing it to look at other revenue streams to sustain growth. Advances are made, and others already made to launch chrome cast during the quarter this is mainly to see that Google dominates the market with less or no major competitors (Chaffey, 2010). Google generates higher percentage of its value from advertising where it competes primary with Microsoft, yahoo and facebook according to research and estimates, standard PC search ads accounts for above 30% of it total value and 60% of revenue. This however, recent trend in earnings indicates a decline in the online PC

Discuss the rationale for investing in nutrition for the under 5s Essay

Discuss the rationale for investing in nutrition for the under 5s. Does this lead us to the conclusion that it is not worth investing in education interventions for older children - Essay Example Most are also likely to have experienced illnesses and then died at an early age. The research also shows that this lead to income loses in their lifetime. This may lead one to believe that investing in older children’s education is also worth as compared to nutrition. This paper will discuss the rationale for investing in nutrition for the under 5’s and argue that this does not lead to the conclusion that it is not worth investing in education interventions for older children. Healthy children get smart brains. Hence, they get educated well and bring income to a country. When the younger generation is educated, it may invest in the future businesses of a country. This may lead to the creation of a higher national income in the economy. Another advantage would be a reduction of poverty in the future. This is because as this is a younger generation when grown up they would be well prepared to create businesses. Investing in older children’s education should thus be encouraged (Naudeau, 2011:3). Investing on nutrition of children under the age helps children are healthy to be healthy and prevents mental retardation. Mental illnesses bring adult diseases to these individuals when they grow older later in their lives and makes children to be slow learners. Research evidence shows that adult illnesses are more prevalent among those who experienced adverse problems when they were young. This thus shows early life interventions among children should be done to promote heath of individuals. Apart from retardation, bad health also leads to physically challenged children. This hence makes them reluctant to work thus reducing how they work. This issue in turn makes them fail to bring income to a country and to themselves too (Kogali & Krafft, 2015:3). It also helps in preventing certain illnesses that may affect them in future. An example of the illnesses that are associated with poor early childhood nutrition is obesity. The

Are cell phones really dangerous to people Essay

Are cell phones really dangerous to people - Essay Example Are cell phones really dangerous to people? The control of the advertising of cell phones would be another important measure for preventing the extended exposure of people to the cell phones’ radiation. Cell phones should be regarded, as tools of communication and their use should be limited in cases of emergency. Otherwise, the increase of fatal incidents and diseases because of cell phones would not be controlled. Moreover, the terms under which the access to cell phones has been permitted to teenagers have been reviewed – taking into consideration the fact that people of this age are less likely to pay attention at the risks related to the use of cell phones – as highlighted in relevant academic studies. At this point, the following problem has been identified: children have often access to cell phones with the permission of their parents. This trend is extremely dangerous especially since scientists have set severe restrictions regarding the potential use of cell phones by children – but these restrictions seem to be ignored by most of people worldwide. At this point the following problem appears: are cell phones really dangerous to people? This problem has been explored through a series of relevant studies. It is proved that cell phones can actually harm the health; moreover, it seems that the risks for health can be severe for people of all ages. At the next level, it has been made clear that the ways in which cell phones can affect the health of humans can vary; the direct use of cell phone may be less harmful compared to the residence near a cell phone tower. In the article of Geoffrey, published online by the Independent, reference is made to the research of Dr Vini Khurana who studied the effects of cell phones on health; the above research led to the following findings: ‘the use of handsets for 10 years or more can double the risk of brain cancer’ (Geoffrey par.3). In the above study, emphasis is also given on the fact that certain types of cancer can take quite long to develop – even up to a decade; therefore, the above study – having lasted for such period - provides a precise estimation of the potential effects of cell phones on brain. Another important finding of the study of Khurana has been the following one: cell phones can be more dangerous from smoking (par.1); the above finding indicates the level of risk related to the use of cell phones but also the level at which cell phones intervene in daily activities having led to the development of addiction similar to smoking – as this problem is revealed through the study presented above. The various aspects of the danger of cell phones for human health are analyzed in the article of Kovach, published online by the magazine Life Extension; in the above article reference is made to the findings of the research developed by George Carlo, a medical scientist who has spent years on studying the effects of cell phones – both of handsets and cell phone towers – on health; his research lasted from 1993 up to 1999 and reveals a series of important aspects of the health risks related to the use of cell phones (par.3, 4). The key findings of his study could be summarized as follows: a) cell phones are not tested as for their risks for health; they enter the market without any testing, as a result of a legislative gap of the peri od when these devices appeared – the 1980s (par.5), b) cell phones can cause severe problems of health, even death, since they are involved in the continuous transmission of waves which can adversely affect the bio-field of humans (par.6); it is possible for this reason that cell phones have been also related to the changes in the DNA of their users –

Art and Culture issues in oxford cowley road Essay

Art and Culture issues in oxford cowley road - Essay Example The tradition of celebrating the Cowley Road Carnival started in 2001. It was a regeneration project. Before the Carnival project, the Cowley Road had a notorious image of crime. It was the local communities demand to cleanse the Cowley Road from the negative impact through East Oxford Action’s regeneration programme. Since then, the Carnival has become a regular practice for the regeneration of the area (seco). The Cowley Road has become a place for art and culture exhibition openly. According to Marcusen (2006), artists are not evenly scattered in cities, their distribution depends on their choices to live, employment opportunities in industries like media, advertising and publishing and keen interest taken by local authorities to support art work for its development. Artists add to the regional economic growth by exporting their art work and creating opportunities for import functions from other cities and areas to their city. Smaller performing art spaces also play a significant part in expansion of art work to other areas. A group of artists get formed in such urban spaces where local art flourishes and gets a place in economy of the region (p.1). It seems so true of the experience the Cowley Road Carnival of cultural show is giving to the ethnic communities there. The Cowley Road Carnival attends to local communities’ aspirations by contributing to specific themes and resolving of certain issues, which have become a priority. Issues and themes include: The carnival has become a symbol of local peoples’ tolerance of each other communities with the celebration of their feelings through the multicultural show. The carnival has become a raging success because of the collaborative support from the people, groups, schools and local organisations, representing art and culture but where from these artists come? (seco, 2010) In this context, it is argued by social theorists that artists are the soul of society, attacking aggressively

Science solves all the problems about where we come from Essay Example for Free

Science solves all the problems about where we come from Essay Science, it is arguable, has opened the eyes of humanity and rid us the ignorance that we once lived each and every day of our lives in. it has helped us to come to scientifically sound and empirically based theories that are now universally accepted. One such example of a theory that empirically seems to prove scientifically, rather than religiously, where humanity came from is the theory of Evolution. This seemed to lead many people to accept the above statement. This is because it proved that there was a natural explanation of the existence of humanity, rather than the supernatural biblical account that was so popular in the Victorian Age. Charles Darwin, the mind behind the theory, would certainly agree with the statement as he seemed to have done the impossible: prove scientifically that God did very little, if anything, to create humanity itself. Instead of being created on the sixth day of Gods impossible creation, we evolved through the very slow and very natural process of natural selection. This was added to the undeniable evidence of fossils that were being found in layers of the rocks of the earth that was found due to the very new and promising science of Geology: fossils of animals that do not exist and that have no place or mention in the Genesis account of creation. Fundamentalist Christians had feeble replies to these findings, showing the limits to which their faith was being tested. Darwins theory is also, now, widely accepted by nearly all scientists and many theists as being the truth of the origins of humanity through a purely scientific method of research. A philosopher who whole-heartedly supported Darwins theory with no room for doubt was Richard Dawkins. In his book, The Greatest Show on Earth, he claims that although almost 40% of Americans who dont believe in evolution, believe that it was created in the last 10,000 years or so, as it is stated in the Bible. He feels that if only this 40% was exposed to the evidence for evolution, then they couldnt possible believe this. Although some people would argue that evolution seems almost incapable to create humanity in such a short time span, Dawkins claims that dogs and cabbages and pigs and cows have all been changed in huge ways in a very short time, maybe a couple of centuries, a couple of millennia, in a his new book. The then goes on to muse that the earth has been in existence for hundreds of millennia, and this time frame gives us a great deal of time for evolution to take place and transform single-celled amoeba into fully functional human beings. Dawkins also states that although fossils are a very persuasive method of proving that evolution happened, its not as important as other findings. These include things such as the molecular comparisons of animals, radioactive dating and also the geographical distribution of animals. Dawkins thoroughly believes that if we assume evolution to be true, then everything we see in the world is evidence for it. Everything in the world is how it should be if evolution is true. Through this, Dawkins believes that science can, solve the problems about where we come from and, also, any other problems we may be encountered with. However, someone who would strongly disagree with Darwin, and through him, Dawkins, is Samuel Wilberforce. He was a bishop of Oxford and also led the attack against Darwins theory, six months after he published it. He claimed, in an article in the Quarterly Review, that the theory of evolution showed a tendency to limit Gods glory in creation. Wilberforce felt that humans have superior reasoning to all other animals: we are able to reason what is best out of a situation, as opposed to simply acting on instinct and impulse with a complete disregard for the consequences. If evolution is correct and our reasoning was to have stemmed from it, then all animals, by now, should have developed the ability to reason and ignore powerful instincts that deprive them of the ability to be civilised. However, we are the only animals to have developed this skill and other animals, even now, have shown no sign of developing the same, or a similar, skill. With this in mind, Wilberforce felt that if evolution is correct, then it does not even come close to explaining our ability to reason, or even the emotions of humans and animals. However, in response to this, Robert Wright feels that post-Darwin Darwinists have solved this issue. Feelings such as lust and hunger have been passed down through evolution as those who eat more are more likely to survive and those who have sex more are more likely to pass on their characteristics in their genes. Even favour of high status, he claims, can be pin-pointed to evolution: humans are socially competitive as high social status brings improved access to mates, so genes that fuel the pursuit of status fare well. He also feels that even gossiping can be traced through back to evolution. Genes inclining us to lower the social status of rivals by spreading unflattering gossip or harsh moral appraisals would be favoured by natural selection. A chemical has even been found that has been implicated with maternal bonding, romantic bonding and the trust that undergoes friendship. Using all of this evidence, Wright feels that not only can science solve the problems as to where humanity comes from, it can also go a few steps further to explain why humans act the way they do, not only at their unconscious, base instincts, but is also at a conscious, public level. Someone who vehemently opposes the statement above is Henry Morris, although he has a different viewpoint to Wilberforce. Henry Morris is a strict Creationist (one who believes in the exact account of the creation story, as recorded in Genesis 1 and 2). In his book, Biblical Creationism, Morris denies the idea of evolution, and even the compromise that some people has reached that the word days as stated in the Bible simply means eras or long periods of time. In Biblical Creationism, he states that the Bible taught clearly that all things were made by God in a six-day week of natural days. There was no room for evolution of the long geological periods of time. Morris, using the original, Hebrew version of the Bible, deduced that the word used in Genesis 1 for day was a word that always means a 24-hour period. The word used for era, he stated, is a completely different one. There should be no uncertainty whatever that God intended the account to say that the creation of all things had taken place in six literal days. Therefore, Morris would feel that science, in no way, can prove everything and solve all the problems about where we come from. Instead of using science to question ideas that the Bible gives, science should be judged against the Bible as to whether it is correct or not. This is because the Bible is, overall, the word of God, so it must stand tall above all other forms of proof that claim they know the truth of all things about humanity. God can never be mistaken as God is completely perfect, and, therefore, the Bible, Genesis included, is correct, right the way until the end. In reference to the fossils found by geologists, who would also claim have no place or mention in the creation story, Morris would beg to differ. He feels that he has found passages in the Bible that seem to refer to a diplodocus (a large, four-legged, long necked animal with a long whip-like tail) and a plesiosaurs (animals which had a broad body, four paddle-shaped flipper limbs and a short tail) in the form of the Behemoth and the Tannin which were both used to describe monsters in the Bible. A very thorough description of the Behemoth is given in Job 40: Look at the behemoth which I made along with you and which feeds like an ox. What strength he has in his loins, what power in the muscles of his belly! Morris not only seems to have an explanation for the apparent lack of mention of dinosaurs, but also can pinpoint their time in creation: even animals that have since become extinct such as dinosaurs were made on the fifth and sixth days of the creation week. Morris feels that science cannot possibly have solutions to the origins of humanity as the answers to everything that we can ever question have already been given to us in the perfect, flawless form of the Bible. There is also a view to the above statement not by an atheistic philosopher or scientist, but a theist, attempting to reconcile religion with science. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin felt that although science and religion seemed very much opposing on the surface, fundamentalists on each side tended to draw artificial battle lines about it in a very complex field. He felt that it was simple to reconcile the two if you only rearranged the idea of Gods purpose, as perceived by humanity. He also felt that evolution and an expanding universe made no real difference to Gods creation. Although Teilhards ideas werent very popular, he found a way to effectively disagree and agree with a statement by claiming the ideas of one field could enhance the understanding in both. Science can be used to solve all problems about where we come from, but it cannot do this without the help of religion. Another theist who supported the same views as Teilhard is John Polkinghorne. He felt that the scientific explanation of the world raises more questions than it seems to solve. For example, how could the world have created itself, if it was random, so perfectly and with such precision that if it was created with any less or more energy, the universe would have ceased to exist very shortly after its beginning? Although science seems to give answers and explain very well how things were created the way they did, it doesnt explain how they were created against the overwhelming odds, if it were due to random chance. The chance of the existence of humanity through the Big Band theory is so absolutely minute, Polkinghorne sees it as impossible. He, therefore, plays a major role in analysing the Anthropic Principle which states his exact beliefs. For Polkinghorne, religion and science are completely complimentary and support each other. Therefore, he comes to the same conclusion as Teilhard about the problems of where we come from: science can explain and solve all the problems about where we come from, but cannot do so with religion. A person who also not only strongly agrees with the statement, but also attacks the creationist, and any theistic point of view, is Peter Atkins. He is very much an atheist and rejects any theistic ideas as simple ignorance of the unexplained. In the Middle Ages, when people didnt know or understand how something, they would simply use God to fill in the gaps in their knowledge out of ignorance of the truth. For example, the Bubonic Plague, which was an extremely contagious bacterium, unknown to those at the time. However, those who were alive throughout the pandemics contented themselves to using God as an explanation to the disease, when they could find no immediate causes. Atkins feels that that is what theists are doing now: finding God in the Big Bang is the last refuge of the desperate. He feels that, in accordance with this statement, science has already solved the problem of where we come from, and will ultimately solve all problems with no help from religion. In conclusion, after looking at both sides of the argument, I feel that I agree with the statement, but only in part. I feel that it can solve many problems about where we come from, using the overwhelming evidence that Darwin put forward and the evidence that Dawkins reminds us of. However, I do not feel that it can solve all the problems that are related to do with where we come from. For example, it is still unknown by science about where we come from. It is universally agreed by scientists that before the Big Bang, there was nothing: no matter, no energy, and no forces. How, then, it is entirely reasonable to question, did the Big Bang come about? It is reasonable, therefore, by theists such as myself, to assume that there was a superior and intelligent designer must have caused the Big Bang into existence. Without the Big Bang, humanity would never have come into being. But even if the Big Bang would have being by some external, omnipotent force, it would have been highly unlikely that the Universe would have sustained itself without a sustainer. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, or the scientific concept of entropy, states that in any natural process there exists an inherent tendency towards the dissipation of useful energy. This basically means that when left alone, order tends to revert back to chaos. If this were so then why isnt the world full of chaos, but order instead? Why does evolution lead to progression and not regression? I feel that science can explain the processes by which the universe and humanity came into being, but I dont think that it can thoroughly explain, using only natural and empirical evidence, how and, more importantly, why these processes came into being. Its all well saying that the Big Bang just happened, but to me, I feel that if the whole Universe was just an accident with no intent or purpose, then none of humanity really has a reason or purpose for living, other than being the result of an accident. Or, perhaps, the universe is just brute fact as Bertrand Russell stated, and we just have to accept this. Nevertheless, although I feel that people can have different views on the world, for me, the universe cannot go without explanation as to why it exists.

The scene emphasises the emotional trauma Essay Example for Free

The scene emphasises the emotional trauma Essay The slow build up of tension throughout the scene emphasises the emotional trauma suffered by the victims of both Salem and McCarthy. One piece of evidence we can look at that backs up this point is Elizabeths natural lie portrayed by the movie of The Crucible. This scene slowly builds up the tension and highlights the suffering of Elizabeth by slowly zooming the camera into Elizabeths face when Danforth asks her is her husband a lecher. This is deliberately used to build up tension because it is trying to make the viewer or reader feel sorry for her because she also has to deal with the court making her admit to it in front of everybody. However, I believe that Elizabeth is not thinking about what should she say to help her husbands trial, but I believe that she is questioning she really believes that her husband is a lecher. The slow zooming in of the camera angle also suggests that Elizabeth has to search her own heart deeper and got to really ask herself in her own heart whether she believes that her husband is really a lecher her reply is no. This shows the emotional trauma suffered by Elizabeth because she and Miller had to ask themselves a question from within, but the two were slightly different. I believe Millers question I believe was am I really a type of person thatll sell out my friends for my own benefit? After searching deep inside for the answer, both Miller and Elizabeth decide no. Because of this, they had to suffer; Elizabeth had accidentally accused his own husband and Miller had his life ruined, just for standing by their beliefs. Another piece of evidence is the tension given off by the suffering of the people in the court. They are not court officials, which is also evidence to emphasise the emotional trauma of the victims of both McCarthy and Salem. The play starts to build up tension because it says the right door opens on page eighty-two of the stage directions. By saying the right door opens this must mean that there is a left door as well, and the reason for Miller doing this is to tell us through stage direction that the girls have to enter slowly because there is only room for one person to pass at a time. This enhances the affect. Also by making Abigail the last person to enter makes it more dramatic because it shows how strong she is and how many people they have to go through to achieve justice and bring Abigail down. This makes us feel sorry for the people in the play because Abigail is so strong that she can do anything she pleases without the fear of the consequences, but the victims arent as fortunate which only emphasises the suffering in the play because it reminds us that she is responsible for it all. Once again this is an attack on the unfairness of society because of how the bad people can get away without the fear of the consequences and the innocent people have to pay by suffering for the deeds of others. This makes us sympathise with the suffering of the innocent, just like Millers own trial with McCarthy. Finally, there is the tension that is given to us when Proctor makes his damning speech on page ninety-six. This event makes the audience sympathise with Proctor because we, as the audience know that roaring at the court officials wont make them change their minds. Instead it would be used as evidence against you and this makes us want to shout from the audience to tell him dont shout at them! Despite this, the event is made to make us think that he doesnt know that shouting at the officials will be seen as evidence against himself. In fact there is proof that shows that he does. If he does know that shouting will only make the matter worse, why did he do it? The reason is that he is so desperate that no matter how small the chance is of convincing the court that they are condemning innocent people he still has to take it. This gets our sympathy because we feel so sorry for him that he is so desperate he even has to shout at them to try and make the court realise what they are doing is wrong. This relates back to Millers own experience because both Miller and Proctor had to stoop so low to try and convince the authorities by shouting at them, except that Miller did his shouting from the safeness within a play. In conclusion, I believe that Arthur Millers The Crucible is an attack, but only to a certain point. Using evidence I believe that he was really trying to show us two different perspectives. One, is that to find justice you have to be full of justice and fairness as a person. I believe that his second perspective was that he wanted us to see that there is responsibility attached to power and that it is important not to get caught up with the power by itself. This shows us that he is saying; Power can be a good servant, but a bad master.

Challenges Facing Financial Management in Schools

Challenges Facing Financial Management in Schools The challenges and solutions of financial management in colleges and universities in the era of big data and Internet Abstract- With the development of Internet information technology, public financial management reform deepening, accounting focus Universities facing the management accounting change, the financial sector as a core sector universities, data centers will become a big school and participate in school management, decision-making, analysis and forecasting. We analyzed the development of university management accounting brings opportunities and challenges, and puts forward some countermeasures. The arrival of the era of big data, data important asset cause rapid Internet Insurance sector is concerned. This paper describes the development of the insurance status of the Internet, combined with the opportunities and challenges facing the era of big data Internet Insurance is proposed under the era of big data Internet Insurance Development Strategy in order to provide reference for the healthy and rapid development of the Internet insurance. For the Internet +, Big Data applications in other industries to produce value-added effect polymerization, and the lack of coal mine large data mining the potential value of the use of problems in the research of coal mine production safety monitoring enterprise warning, large-scale mining and material handling equipment safety standard remote control of the whole life cycle, coal mining enterprises at all levels of production safety data sharing cloud services platform, cross-dimensional aspects of supply and demand and price forecasting perspective platform for big data application mode analysis, data mining by large technical team unified programming model and set standards in the interface protocol, security co-ordination and so do the pre-proposals. He pointed out that Internet +, the comprehensive application of big data will become an important means and ways to improve mine safety and production, to achieve lower costs, increase efficiency role. Key words big data; the Internet era; data mining; financial stocks management; decision analysis Internet insurance refers to an insurance company or a third-party insurance net new Internet and e-commerce technology as a tool to support the insurance sales management activities. With the advent of the era of big data, data has become an important factor of production in each industry, people use mobile Internet, cloud computing and other information technology, data mining, processing and analysis, making it a more competitive asset. Insurance is a typical data-production industries, these technologies continue to penetrate to the insurance industry, will enable Internet Advanced Insurance from simple sales model to the Internet Insurance directions. How to seize the Internet Insurance in rapid changes in information technology opportunities, meet challenges, it is an important topic of current research. Internet + 2.0 is an innovative evolution of information technology to promote the development of new social forms, new formats, the future of the entire industry, cross-platform management operations. Internet + Action Plan states that Internet + represents a new economic form, that is to give full play to optimize and integrate the role of the Internet in the allocation of production factors, the depth of the innovations of the Internet merged in all areas of economic and social promotion innovation and productivity, Internet +, the action plan focus on promoting the development of big data integration, cloud computing as the representative of information technology. Large data by conventional sensor means, video tools, software, captures the data set. Big Data has penetrated into every industry and field has become an important factor of production, and mining companies for the use of huge amounts of data, cloud computing is the second, after another big things disruptive technology revolution. I believe that the need to re-integrate coal mining enterprises, mining past long-term accumulation of vast amounts of data, the application of integrated analysis tools from multi-dimensional space-time insight and knowledge discovery in large data implied by law, to guide the production of coal mine safety decision, the fine will increase to coal mine production safety the new level of management. Development of the Internet makes big data accounting information processing more efficient, faster, more standardized accounting, real-time and focus. Data is an important basis for decision-making to further tap the Internet data becomes possible. Some college financial workers and researchers are trying to study the theory based on the Internet + a new model of financial management, financial officers will be freed from the complex basic accounting business, so that key positions financial officers transferred to the school management and decision-making thus in decision making, management accounting functions. Internet Insurance more than ten years, with the low cost of the Internet, by many, wide coverage, high-impact characteristics, has made remarkable achievements, but also in the development of some problems. With the rapid development of e-commerce and computer technology, the Internet Insurance from 2011 into the development of speed and 2011 to 2013, the domestic insurance business Internet companies rose from 28 to 60, average annual growth of 46%; premium volume grew from 3.2 billion yuan to 29.1 billion yuan, an increase of three years to reach 810 percent overall, with an average annual growth rate of 202%; the number of insured customers increased from 816 million to 5437 million, an increase of 566%. Thus the fast pace of development of the Internet of insurance and in addition, according to the report, the Internet insurance products in a simple, standardized, low-value products, mainly in the field of property insurance on motor vehicle insurance, family property insurance and other insurance, some insurance companies also introduced credit insurance and liability insurance. In the field of life insurance, accident insurance is the main insurance. This is due to the insurance p roduct itself professionalism, complexity and technical characteristics of the Internet are currently determined. Internet insurance innovation, embodied by precise customer targeting, segmentation subject matter of insurance and risk factors, dynamic customization of insurance products and pricing. Although the insurance major insurance companies committed to the Internet innovation, but its degree of innovation still to be improved and first, the business model, most of the insurance firms will simply move to the line of products from online sales, Internet and insurance achieve genuine integration of very few. In addition, from the sale of the product, although the full moon insurance haze insurance Insurance bold new alternative, but its essence is just common accident insurance and other traditional insurance, some even with gambling elements, departing from the essence of insurance. And similar to the net purchase return shipping insurance, micro-channel payment security insurance and other insurance and real participation poly emerging e-commerce wind. Risk insurance products provide prot ection for Internet and rare. A. Challenges and Opportunities In the Internet, big data and the depth of penetration of insurance background, January 15, 2014, China Insurance Information Technology Management Co., Ltd. as Chinas insurance industrys first big data company formally established, which is to follow the development of insurance in the era of big data will by road. Build big data platform, opportunities and challenges for the development of the Internet insurance. Big data brings cost-efficient development. In the era of big data, the use of information technology to collect data related to the insurance business management, may establish a standardized, systematic Internet insurance data system, on the one hand, the insurance customer orientation statistics and pricing of insurance products and other aspects of the easier, more traditional insurance, greatly reducing the time and cost of data collection, improve the efficiency of insurance. On the other hand, the insurance business automation has improved continuously. Use relevant data to establish a network of intelligent Underwriting platform, promote the application of intelligent terminals and other mobile Internet devices, the Internet can enhance the insurance business process automation and automation of PCT operator, so that each flow risks are controlled at the same time, various aspects of the processing time was significantly shorter improved efficiency. Big Data mining helps timely customer needs, innovative products. The use of advanced technology for historical data collection, collation, analysis and processing, can effectively tap the demand for risk management, product innovation, investment, and improve decision-making ability can play an important role. In the era of big data, by the client in the Internet browsing and transaction platform, leaving traces of statistical data, we found that customer propensity to buy, tap the customer needs, and then use this data to design new products. For example, Zhong An online positioning to service the Internet, the main liability insurance and guarantee insurance, it is on the Internet risk data statistics and effective use of the Internet user needs mining, while the net purchase return shipping insurance, micro-channel payment security risks also in big data era has brought proof of product innovation. Big data helps improve the precision pricing and marketing capabilities. First, the Internet and big data will change the traditional insurance products pricing rules and on the one hand, from an actuarial point of view, the traditional products, based on the law of large numbers actuaries, according to a random principle, in the long term, a large number of business practice to extract part of the data to construct a mathematical model to calculate the premium rate, and further to make products pricing. In the era of big data, we are able to collect comprehensive data, complete data and integrated data, mining the relationship behind the data, greatly improve product precision pricing power. On the other hand, the era of big data, some products can achieve dynamic pricing, according to customer requirements to develop products and provide services. Big Data Acceleration Insurance Internet channels to format Conversion. Internet insurance format refers to the development of insurance products, insurance consulting, insurance plan design, sales to post-service claims and other aspects are all relying on the Internet to complete. Internet as the pure insurance sales channels have developed more than ten years, under the big data era, the Internet will change the insurance of insurance simple Internet-based sales model to the real Internet insurance format development. Through the Internet data mining and analysis, the insurance truly serve the Internet, the development of Internet-based products, so the Internet to format Conversion. B. Risk exposure Potential new industry entrants increase competition. In the era of big data, the data will show a complete and accurate, open and transparent sharing of resources feature, if the data and insurance technology, will probably be more new entrants, competition, market volatility increased. First, Internet companies have huge amounts of data once you have risk identification and control technology, we can set up an Internet insurance company through its proven platform and a wide audience. Second, already has a certain risk control ability of enterprises to large data Once you have a mature technology, mastered valid data, then build their own risk management system is more cost effective than buying a simple insurance products, such as UPS courier company can set up the Internet insurance companies to reduce the cost of risk management. Information security problems with the advent of the era of big data, we are faced with data privacy and public safety contradictions. Data sharing is public and big data trend of the times, but the data is disclosed along with the controversy from the legal, ethical, moral and other aspects, which restricts the development of the Internet insurance. Big data disclosure is a double edged sword, on the one hand the data disclosed not only provides network operators rely on the insurance risks of the Internet more convenient and accurate data sources, and promote the development of the Internet insurance will also create value throughout society; the other and the data disclosure might cause disclosure of user privacy, violation of human rights, this is a problem we develop Internet safety cannot be ignored in the era of big data. Second, insurance information system within the Internet and many of the system outside the company for selling payment transactions and other business data exchange exists, there are attacks from Internet hackers, viruses, system rejects all possible risk services. Computer technical capacity needs to be improved while at present, the data acquisition and processing capability at a low level. First, because of the limited technical capacity data, the accuracy of the information collected, the lack of timeliness of security, it is difficult to be objective data analysis and data utilization value. Present new data, a large number of customer information is untrue, other unstructured data availability is not high, the lack of effective data collection technology; the same time, the accumulated data to be tapped, marketing, customer data can be small, the data processing capability Room for improvement. Second, the lack of data resources and insurance companies a lot of historical data in the system long-term idle, underutilized the insurance companys own strengths and data sharing and exchange of related industries, lack of data sharing. Industry regulatory system is not perfect. Currently, the Internet insurance supervision, lack of complete system and China Insurance Regulatory Commission and other relevant departments of the Internet there are many loopholes in the supervision of insurance policies. C. Development Strategy To the healthy development of the Internet insurance for the current Big Data era has brought about the Internet insurance business model and will continue to arise in the future cross-industry business internet insurance issues, identify and improve Internet access for insurance, so that has a mature risk management experience, superb information technology, adequate solvency, improve the supporting facilities and strong product development capabilities of enterprises to run higher risks than traditional channels of Internet insurance. In addition, the Internet insurance sales staff and customer service staffs should have professional knowledge of insurance, insurance agents obtain qualification certificates, and publicity to consumers in order to supervise the sales site. Great use of advances in technology and the accumulation of data mining and to expand the scope of insurable risks, make insurance products more diverse, more abundant form. Unstructured data analysis of consumer behavior and other aspects of the Internet, understanding of customer stickiness strong platform for the Internet, such as micro-letters and other social platforms, the real Internet insurance services on the Internet, the development of new insurance products; in other areas, according to Internet features and customer purchasing power, the development of products easily accepted, as one yuan universal insurance. In addition, the insurance customers seeking to seize the Internet features of convenience, high-quality services, to provide services to facilitate easy operation, especially after the purchase of part of a single delivery, return visits, claims, loss prevention and other processes to improve the customer experience. On the one hand, handle public relations and data security of personal information. On the basis of does not infringe on the security of personal information is disclosed to the social development of favorable data, and effective use of public data in other industries, the development of the Internet insurance open ideas. On the other hand, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and other relevant departments to the Internet as soon as possible insurance information security management practices, insurance information on Internet security issues to make clear from the system specification. Information technology capabilities for the development of the Internet insurance are essential. First, to increase technological development capability and for the insurance professionals, complex features, the development of professional services, Internet insurance software, such as the development and customer support interactive voice platform, customer service or sales staff can explain to customers insurance policy via voice, and record chats with voice and reduce misleading sales and post disputes. Second, improve data collection, processing capability. In the Internet field of insurance, data acquisition and processing are essential. First, we should improve data collection technology to ensure the validity and accuracy of the data from the source; secondly to improve the processing capability of the data within the integration of external data, especially external data; and finally to be able to explore the value of the data behind the increase of insurance effective analys is systems company a lot of historical data, and convert it into a business model, implemented. D. Training of personnel Big Data era will be the era of competition for talent, data analysts, data engineers and data scientists, will be the future of the insurance companys core resources. Development of Internet insurance, the insurance data should vigorously develop dual talent based big data era, develop their powers of observation, so that they can in time to capture unstructured data in a particular social phenomenon behind and tapped to ensure the timeliness of the data. In addition, to improve the relevant human imagination, it is possible to use processing techniques revitalize these data, the data structure and logic integrated into new business models, to create new business opportunities. E. Assessment methods Single Use translation of the article as a way of course examination, it is difficult to stimulate students interest in learning, negative coping curriculum tasks. I conducted a survey found that students planning translation job 35% of the students use the basic copy translation results obtained translation tools, 45 percent of students slightly modified and adjusted on the basis of translation tools, only 20% of the students can take the initiative full article translation. Through courses only a very small part of the students level of translation of foreign documents has been improved, examination results difficult to truly reflect the students English and theoretical level, the course does not highlight the advanced nature and practical, it is difficult to learn and practice. With the advent of the era of big data, government performance evaluation requires not only financial indicators, but also need more funding and performance-related non-financial indicators. Whether it is from the College for Financial performance evaluation or self-assessment of performance for the school sector, we need to collect and aggregate data more business. By aggregating data for each business unit, collation, college financial participation in school management greatly increased participation in management, decision making, analysis, forecasting and other functions more important. Management accounting is an important part of the accounting work. Executive Management accounting needs to have a sound economic and institutional environment. American people more engaged in financial accounting management positions in decision-making. However, the current promotion of management accounting application is not widespread, management accounting, decision-making functions is weak, especially in universities and other administrative institutions, the management is to consider some of the more administrative factors and social factors. Since a long period, Chinas colleges and universities accounting practitioners and theorists that consider the conventional financial balance legal compliance, internal control, external audit and other more, and the study of the internal service management decisions is not enough, environmental management accounting the foundation is weak, lagging behind the development. Colleges whether to apply management accounting, with the external environment, the school management and the financial officer of understanding and attention of the relevant management accounting since the concept of management accounting managers at all levels are thinner, management accounting application is not mandatory, some universities on the functional orientation of the financial sector lower, in the substantive work of the financial management function is not very high, and college financial sector dislocation in the big logistics framework, resulting in oversight functions in decision-making is weak. So, not only difficult to play to the functions of management accounting, and even affect the effectiveness of internal control implementation. Due to lack of understanding of management accounting, colleges and universities to consider internal cost accounting, budget performance management, strategic issues such as the budget is relatively small, to a certain extent, affect ed the development of university career. New management accounting personnel should be familiar with the characteristics of the industry units, with a strategic mind, broad thinking, keen insight, sound judgment, good at seizing opportunities, from a strategic perspective of the overall development process to understand the problem as Chinese enterprises gradually enter the international market, Chinese accounting industry to accelerate the process of international development, huge domestic management accounting talent gap. China currently accounting personnel, the number is more than enough quality, especially serious lack of sophisticated high-end accounting personnel with the college finance ranks, there are also uneven quality of personnel, the problem of shortage of talent, capable of high-quality accounting management of comprehensive ability of talent rarely. The use of large data, clean-up and confidentiality of data is critical. Internal and external data, financial data and non-financial data, stored in various formats, and includes a number of errors and duplicate records. Current financial data disclosed Universities have a financial budget and final accounts, Excellencies funding, the use of research funding, government procurement, bidding, etc; non-financial data on each school site have all kinds of education, teaching information. With these data, we can analyze the problem a lot of data behind it. So, faced with the arrival of the era of big data and confidential data that made public in the extent and scope, will become an important issue. A. Management Strategies With demand management accounting concept of the in-depth and practical work, the financial sector participation in the management, functions and responsibilities of participation in decision-making will be strengthened. College management to fully understand the Internet + Time and accounting management mode, and the mode of thinking of great change data processing mode, and ready to make adjustments in terms of organizational structure, management functions, post setting accounting and accounting functions of positioning, so that management accounting functions into full play, so that the financial sector enterprises participate more effectively in decision analysis, internal control. Universities accountants will be more extensively involved in school activities, the more into the budget, planning, execution and analysis to go and play an increasing role in management decisions. Financial departments should pay more attention to clean-up and confidentiality of data, and improve th e level of Internet information security. B. Establishing Responsibility center Responsibility center is organized around the overall management objectives, have some management authority within the organization and assume certain economic responsibility. Target Responsibility Center is coordinated with the overall objectives of the organization, if each responsibility center can be completed given responsibility goals, the overall responsibility for the organizations goals can be realized. In the center of the implementation of the responsibility proper authorization is necessary, the higher should be given permission to work subordinates; proper authorization to create a performance of the work, the authorization could not reasonably responsibility center is not conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of all staff. Colleges and universities can set according to the type of business teaching a different responsibility centers, for the first three years of revenue and expenditure for statistical analysis, combined with the school development goals and the revenue and expenditure plans, revenue and expenditure targets set for each responsibility center business, and to develop a set of appropriate incentive mechanism, so that the balance of payments accounting and financial management is more refined, promote school development. C. The introduction of strategic thinking, implementation of management accounting As colleges and universities system reform, the introduction of strategic management accounting thinking in college financial management that is necessary. The implementation of strategic management accounting, and more attention to the management and evaluation of performance, can help senior management in university More layers of long-term decision-making and forward-looking. Balanced Scorecard in the financial management of the university, SWOT matrix analysis, strategic analysis Boston matrix analysis, from a strategic perspective to analyze the development of the school, has a positive effect. Run management accounting strategy based on the need to accelerate information technology, human, financial, material and information integration in a unified information platform to manage accounting concepts and technical methods, based on a full range of comprehensive management information. Strategic leave the budget cannot be achieved, the budget is a strategic tool for landing. Western countries proved that performance budgeting is a way to increase efficiency, improve efficiency, optimize resource management budget, is one of the many methods of management accounting applications and the whole process of budget performance management, including reporting, tracking the performance of operational performance objectives, with the performance evaluation, and other aspects of the results of the application. Will promote the concept of the performance management in place, into the performance management methods and techniques in the management of all aspects of the budget, you can promote the reform of university management system and mechanism, sense of responsibility to improve the sector, it is conducive to further enhance the university budget of scientific and meticulous management. Budget performance management only became the number one project to do. Budget perform ance management indicators issued in the case of the layers of the task requires school leaders at all levels perform their responsibilities, mutual coordination among departments. D. Design of Performance Evaluation System In the performance management process, including the design of a multi-dimensional evaluation system of financial and non-financial is particularly important. Financial indicators are usually budget implementation rate, earmarks financial performance, asset-liability ratio, liquidity ratio, the ratio of personnel expenses, public expenditure ratio, total asset growth, etc; non-financial performance evaluation include before school, student management, staff management, research management, books, curriculum, facilities, equipment, and energy consumption. School profiles of school functions, campuses, school property cases; school student management situation, scores, enrollment, attendance, dropout rates, graduation rates; faculty circumstances seniority, position, title; there are research papers published data management capacity , project reporting and pass rates; book data have library books, e-books number of books; there are courses course data gate count, course credits, teach ing time, curriculum resources (including courseware, video, etc.); and other classrooms and laboratories have to use data use records, borrowing records, maintenance records, recording idle; equipment use and maintenance of equipment condition data have data, use and maintenance records, the log management behavior; school energy consumption data, water, electricity, gas and other energy consumption data. Conclusion In summary, the Internet + coming of age of the development of information technology, to promote the management accounting in college application and promotion. College accountant will be more extensively involved in school activities, the more into the budget, planning, execution and analysis to go and play an increasingly important role in management decisions and how to manage the accounting and financial accounting organic combination that is the focus of the government, universities, social, financial managers and workers of common concern. References 1. Borochin, Paul A. When does a merger create value? Using option prices to elicit market beliefs. Financial Management 43.2 (2014): 445-466. 2. Jalbert, Terrance, Mercedes Jalbert, and Kimberly Furumo. The relationship between CEO gender, financial performance and financial management. Journal of Business and Economics Research 11.1 (2013): 25-33. 3. Speaker, Paul J. 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