Consumer Fraud - 2436 Words

Consumer Fraud Yolanda Garnett Wilmington University Consumer Fraud Introduction Consumer fraud is a purposeful, unlawful act that deceives, manipulates, or provides false statements to damage others. Fraud is described in the dictionary as â€Å"deceit, trickery, sharp practice, or breach of confidence, perpetrated for profit or to gain some unfair or dishonest advantage (fraud). Consumer fraud is usually associated with a person or group of people manipulating something to deceive others for his/her or their personal gain. In 2005 fraud cost U.S organizations more than $600 billion annually, and consumers lost more than $30 billion annually (Statistics). This paper will review how consumer fraud occurs, the victims of consumer†¦show more content†¦Many times suspects hack into computers to gain personal information used to steal a person’s identity. Typically this is done by spying on a person’s computer activity to gain bank passwords when he/she is logging into bank accounts or when making online purchases. The perpetrator norma lly then takes this information and commits identity theft or bank fraud. Scams Another form of internet fraud is scams. There are many types of scams. People usually become victims to scams by actively participating in something they were tricked into believing was true. Examples of online scams are work from home requests, lottery winning emails, fraudulent sales sites. Art Koff the founder of RetiredBrains.com was quoted in The Wall Street Journal stating that, â€Å"online traffic to work from home sections has grown 90-fold since the financial crisis of 2008† (Tergesen, 2011). Work from home scams usually require upfront investments in office supplies or other materials and fail to deliver the promised salaries. Also, recently there have been work from home scams that require the person to make purchases to ship overseas to their â€Å"employer† and the person never receives payment for these items or the payment they received was worthless. Another online scam is the â€Å"winning the lottery† scam. This happens when a person usu ally receives an email stating he/she has won something and needs to send money for the taxes. The person is swindled out of thousands of dollars usually andShow MoreRelatedConsumer Fraud1004 Words   |  5 PagesIssue Paper When consumers engage in fraud, they attempt to deceive businesses for their personal gain or when a consumer intentional deceives an organization by taking an economic advantage over them (insert bibliography 1 ). There are multiple ways a consumer can deceive a business. Some examples include identity theft; check fraud, credit card fraud and shoplifting. Employees, consumers, and businesses can do fraud in many ways. Consumers have achieved consumer fraud by improving and changingRead MoreInternet Fraud: an Overview of Classifications, Government Actions, and Consumer Protection3671 Words   |  15 PagesInternet Fraud: An Overview of Classifications, Government Actions, and Consumer Protection December 14, 2006 Internet Fraud: An Overview of Classifications, Governmental Actions, and Consumer Protection Internet fraud is an increasing threat to our technological society, which thrives on the advances and benefits of the Internet and e-commerce. With the increased growth and dependence of the Internet, creative individuals have found ways of conveying fraudulent schemes as legitimate goodsRead MoreDeveloping an e-Business Strategy Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagesmodel or a B2B e-business model. Due to the rapid development of technology and globalization in the 21st century, e-business has suddenly become an important means of conducting business transactions given the big difference in both businesses and consumers’ way of living prior and during the advent of technology. According to (Wickramasinghe, 2007) since the various e-business models were tested to deliver outstanding and beneficial results in any organization, big or small, many organizations hasRead MoreFraud : A Broad Spectrum Of Individuals At Any Time1238 Words   |  5 PagesFraud can affect a broad spectrum of individuals at any time. Companies and consumers are losing billions of dollars every year. The effects of such deceptions can way heavily on companies and consumers. Fraud can be committed in many different ways. It can range from employee embezzlement to email scams. With increasing frequency, fraud continues to occur. No matter what the news reports, without proper controls; fraud will still occur. Proper controls and training need to be put in place at companiesRead MoreEssay on Online Fraud, E-Crime, and Internet Scams1308 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Fraud, E-Crime, and Internet Scams In the mid-1980’s, computer-related crimes appeared in the United States. Computer-related crimes have now spawned into Internet crimes, and have raised issues regarding Internet security. Essentially, the Internet has become a playground for criminal mischief. Basically, 21st-century technology and Internet accessibility are providing arenas for criminals to use old-fashioned techniques to take advantage of consumers. Recently, Internet crimeRead MoreInternet Hoaxes and Fraud Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesand Fraud The Internet has many benifical uses that everyone can use to create an easier and more relaxed life. People can now work in there home over the computer, purchase goods and services and even meet new people. The Internet has taken the vast amount of space that separate people from across the world and connects them through a network of phone lines, cable and DSL modems, and even satellites. Unfortunately, with this great new technology we face a new problem. Internet fraud and hoaxesRead MoreThe For A Large 3d Printing Company As A Global Sales Coordinator1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe risk of fraud in organizations has dramatically increased in recent times due to the pressures caused by the financial crisis. I currently work for a large 3D printing company as a global sales coordinator. My job includes most of the follow but it is not limited too primarily assisting the sales team, focusing mostly on managing schedules and the distribution of any sales documentation. I daily p repare and then follow up on any sales quotations made for clients, negotiating terms with the clientRead MoreIdentity Theft Is Improving With Time1216 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal shredders. In the 1990s along came computer fraud, which increased in occurrences tremendously near the turn of the century. The Internet age is the latest stage of evolution, which evolved less severity from murder, but widespread frequency that spans countries and continents. Identity fraud is currently defined as the unauthorized use of another person’s personal information to achieve illicit financial gain. Identity fraud can range from simply using a stolen payment card accountRead More Corporate Code of Conduct Policy Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pageskey-points that are being use to amend our Code of Conduct guidelines. Our Code of Conduct amendments will include the following precepts: a) Refusal to deal, exclusive dealing and pricing discrimination b) Insider trading c) Mail fraud and consumer fraud CODE OF CONDUCT PRECEPTS 1. Refusal to deal, exclusive dealing and pricing discrimination, these precepts are based on the following foundations: a) Basic antitrust laws: These are laws that established the Federal Trade Commission toRead MoreIBM Business Analytics-Case Analysis1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe diverse array of products and services we offer enables consumer and businesses to make payments and transfer money around the world. From New York to Russia or London to India - in more than 197 countries - MoneyGram s money transfer service moves money quickly and easily around the world. The payment services also help businesses operate more efficiently and cost effectively. We offer our products and services to consumers and businesses through a worldwide network of agents and financial

The Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois - 1080 Words

In The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois, DuBois argues his point-of-view on racial tensions in the south during and after Reconstruction. DuBois was a key figure African-American historian and civil rights activist in his time leading and defending his fellows African-Americans. One of DuBois’s themes ranges on race relations developed after Reconstruction in the south. DuBois elaborates on the overwhelming divide between the white population and the black population in his chapter about race relations. DuBois lists how blacks have been crippled economically, socially, and politically by disfranchisement and the Jim Crow laws after reconstruction. To begin with, to understand DuBois’s opinion on race relations, one must first understand The Souls of Black Folk in its entirety. Written in 1902, the work is a critical critique on the then current relationship between races in the south. The work was written over a period of time as DuBois analyzed the status level for African-Americans after Reconstruction. DuBois sets out his point that, â€Å"blacks of the South need the right to vote, the right to a good education, and to be treated with equality and justice† (p. 3 DuBois). DuBois is mainly setting out his point not to African-Americans, but to the whites in America who do not understand the struggle. Early in the 20th century whites outside of the south did not notice the problems black in the south. So, DuBois was looking to bring back the attention that much of theShow MoreRelatedSouls Of Black Folk, By B. Dubois1673 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent documents ranging from 1903 to our present day in 2015 mirror this same ideology. People such as W.E.B DuBois, Anne Moody, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barack Obama, expressed the same concern. Many people in our society, past and present, see being African American as a sign of inferiority. Race shouldn’t be the distinguishing factor between people. Moody, King, Obama, and DuBois all show that the fixation on race was a debilitating problem and appealed to their audiences for action to breakRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois1936 Words   |  8 PagesDouble consciousness is a term coined by W.E.B. DuBois in his 1903 book, entitled The Souls of Black Folk, that describes the cognitive dissonance that arises from being both black and American. DuBois describes the duality felt by African-Americans as always â€Å"measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity† and that the black man â€Å"simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American without being cursed and spit upon by his fellowsRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By William E. B. Dubois1066 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Souls of Black Folk† was written in 1903 by William E. B. Dubois (4). Dubois was an activist for civil rights and an author of many pieces regarding the lifestyle, struggle and historic patterns of African Americans (4). Though Dubois was born after the abolition of slavery, he knew the prospects of the African American struggle were most likely formed due to the conditions of black lives during slavery. Dubois was also an educator and advocate for educational opportunities in black communitiesRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk, By B Dubois Pioneers Two Concepts That Describe The Black Experience1680 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B DuBois pioneers two concepts that describe the Black experience in America— the notions of â€Å"the veil† and â€Å"double-consciousness.† The meaning and implication of these words not only describe the plight of being Black and American then, it also refers to what it means to still be Black and American today – the remnants of the past live on. DuBois explains the veil concept in reference to three things: the literal darker skin of Blacks, which is the physical demarcationRead MoreW .E.B Dubois Thoughts on Education Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesW. E. B DuBoiss thoughts on education The Souls of Black Folk, written by W.E.B DuBois is a collection of autobiographical and historical essays containing many themes. DuBois introduced the notion of twoness, a divided awareness of ones identity. One ever feels his two-ness Ââ€" an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keep it from being torn asunder (215). There are many underlying themesRead More. E. B. Dubois, of the Dawn of Freedom: a Synopsis and Critical Discussion838 Words   |  4 Pages04/04/06 W. E. B. Dubois, Of the Dawn of Freedom: A synopsis and critical discussion William Edward Burghardt Dubois work, The Souls of Black Folk, gave a critical discuss of the early, twentieth century through the eyes of the Negro. Although many have limited this work to Dubois argument of, The Talented Tenth, it should be noted that Dubois work encompasses much more than that. The purpose of the essay is to summarize and give a critical eye to W. E. B. Dubois Of the Dawn ofRead MoreHow Race Relationships Throughout The Southern Area Of The United States1153 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships in the southern area of the United States can be understood as social facts and further this essay will illuminate if being of black skin colour in the southern area of the United States can be regarded as pathological in respect to Durkheim’s sociological views. Firstly one needs to define the two concepts at hand, namely (a) social facts by Durkheim and secondly, (b) pathological by Durkheim. In regards to (a) social facts, Durkheim refers to ideas, values and concepts that a society has developedRead MoreKarl Marx s The Soul Of Black Folks 947 Words   |  4 Pages W.E. B. Du Bois did not stratify race, class and nation as a personal characteristic but as social hierarchies that formed Blacks access to position, poverty, and authority. W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He was the first African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard University, and he focused on history, civil rights, and sociology. In 1909, Dubois was a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The Soul of BlackRead MoreJean Booker T. Washington. B. Dubois1358 Words   |  6 PagesChloe Thompson Ms. Webster English III H 5B 5 May 2015 W.E.B DuBois One of the late 19th century and early 20th century’s most prominent black empowerment leaders was W.E.B DuBois. In research it is clear that DuBois was not subtle to one job or career choice. As a civil rights activist, educator, sociologist, historian, writer, editor, scholar, and poet, DuBois contributed to changing American society today. DuBois is mostly remember for his work with the NAACP and his notorious feud with civilRead MoreB. Du Bois928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In my own country for nearly a century I have been nothing but a nigger.† -W.E.B Dubois On February 23, 1868 in a small town of Great Barrington, Massachusetts one of the greatest leaders in African American history was born. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, better known as W.E.B. Du Bois is one of the greatest scholar, writer, editor, and civil rights activist. Many civil rights leaders and other important black leaders and role models see W.E.B Du Bois as the father of the Civil Rights Movement

Types of Racism Free Essays

Racism should not be ignored. There are two types of racism in the world. The two types of racism are overt racism and institutional racism. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Racism or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Overt racism, especially in its contribution to the racist impact of qualification requirements on blacks. † 1. Overt racism contributes to a social and residential segregation, thereby isolating blacks at every income level from white society. â€Å"As a result of overtly racist â€Å"last-hired, first fired† policies toward blacks and the favoring of whites for on-the-job training, many blacks have been unable to gain work experience, particularly special working skills. 2. Overt racist action is when harm is inflicted or a benefit withheld either because of the perpetrator†s racial bias against the victim or because the perpetuator is prejudice of others. Institutional racism is when a person or firm has a practice that is race-neutral but still has an adverse impact in blacks as a group. Institutional racism also reinforces future racism by contributing to the presence of blacks at the bottom of the employment level. â€Å"The adverse effect on blacks of these neutral practices also contributes to the perpetuation of racist attitudes. 3. Individuals growing up in a society where blacks are visibly predominant in the lowest jobs tend to believe that blacks naturally belong there. â€Å"Recent studies show that less-educated workers can be trained by employers for skilled positions that are frequently reserved for college graduates. † 4. Black academics were initially excluded by racist attitudes from many white departments. Whites who are no more productive than blacks will tend to receive a better payoff. â€Å"Whites have eleven times the wealth of blacks; one-third of all blacks have no major assets what so ver except for the cash that they have on hand. † 5. Blacks wanted to get rid of Jim Crow laws. Jim laws made blacks segregated from the white community. Blacks couldn†t use white facilities to buy products instead, blacks had to buy from their facilities. â€Å"A University of Chicago investigation showed that because of persistent prejudice suburban blacks are more likely to suffer segregation than other minorities of equal income and social status. † 6. There were other signs of racism in the past like the trading of blacks slaves from Africa. Blacks who didn†t want to be a slave either revolted against their masters or committed suicide. Masters were very harsh on the blacks. Masters would punish and beat the slaves for no reason. There were a lot of anti-racist role models that were heroes to the blacks. Rosa Parks was famous role model because she stood up for what she believed in. She sat in the bus seat not letting any white sit in her seat. Rosa Parks was arrested for that reason. Because of her actions that she took after she got out of jail, racial segregation became illegal. Elizabeth Eckford braved the angry white crowds by herself when she was the first black person to get accepted into Little Rock High, which was an all white school. Martin Luther king Jr. was another brave role model. Martin Luther King Jr. always made flights to states to help the community win over racial segregation. Martin Luther King Jr. always brought huge crowds wherever he made a speech. He made very inspiring speeches to the blacks, which gave them more courage to protest against the whites. Martin Luther King Jr. was probably the most inspiring person this century because he led the blacks to freedom. He is so inspiring that he will become a saint. Segregation started in the late 1980s even though slavery existed for more than two hundred years. Segregation laws were rapidly affecting blacks. More laws were made in the early 1900s because of the inspiration of Jim Crow laws. â€Å"During the second half of the 1980s, racial violence against blacks increased nationwide. In 1988, a white supremacist movement of violent skin-headed youths, whose weapons included knives, baseball bats, and their own steel-toed boots, sprang up spontaneously in cities throughout the nation. 7. This lowered the blacks courage to fight against the whites. â€Å"Many blacks are excluded by requirements for work experience because as students they have been barred from white schools where relevant training was available or had been denied work experience and training by prejudice supervisors and employers. â€Å"8. Blacks lack of personal connections to the job market, but it arises in large part from segregation created by overtly racist practices. â€Å"As job losers, blacks tend to move down to unskilled temporary work, or to no work at all. † 9. Since blacks can†t find good jobs, they usually make the community bad by stealing and joining gangs to keep themselves alive. â€Å"It is still true that the more disagreeable the job, the greater the chance of finding a high proportion of blacks doing it. † 10. Cities don†t know that they need to have better working conditions for blacks or they will have as much suffer as blacks do. â€Å"Hiring by personal connections also tends to keep blacks at the bottom of the occupational ladder. † 11. It keeps them down because blacks don†t have many connections to people who own a store. Blacks felt the racist impact of such past hiring discrimination when, as less senior, they were less likely to gain work promotion and more likely to lose their jobs in economic recessions. † 12. Whites have been the first in line for hiring, training, promotion, and desirable job positions because of racism. White people either have been responsible for racism or have passively benefited from it. Since there are firms that don†t hire blacks in very low wages, white people have to either take the jobs and get low payment and bad working conditions, or don†t take the job and don†t get anything to help the community that the job provides. The whites also benefited from racism. Whites tend to get more promotions because there are no black competitions. Whites also benefited from housing discrimination where racism was strong. There have been a lot of cases of mass murders in a county. There was a case where, in one summer, eighty blacks have been beaten, thirty-five shot, five murdered, and more that twenty churches burnt down by the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Most KKK members usually got away for the murders and damages they committed. KKK members only started getting accused after segregation became illegal. But still, only blacks who were brutally murdered had a trial against the KKK. KKK groups are very confident about passing through a conviction. The KKK was always there where the black protesters were. They were there to intimidate them. They also wanted to start a fight whenever they had an opportunity too. â€Å"The isolation of blacks from white society is also sustained by widespread racist attitudes that exclude blacks from white clubs and social circles where networks leading to jobs are formed. † 13. Blacks not only suffer from discrimination but being isolated from a white community. Blacks lack personal connections to residents of all-white suburbs where many new jobs have been created. † 14. The adverse effect on blacks is exacerbated when suburban employers rely on walk-in applicants from these neighborhoods. â€Å"According to a 1981 study, black school districts in the black belt states receive less funding and inferior education by comparison with economically similar white districts, in a part as a result of local (white) decision making. † 15. White decision-making affects blacks a lot because the whites want to help their school funding more than the blacks school funding. The racism of government practices encouraged race discrimination by landlords who blocked the escape of blacks from ghettos, and by employers and unions who refused to hire, promote, or train them, as well as widespread communication of an insulting stereotype of blacks, derogatory to their ability and character. † 16. Because racist treatment of blacks in business and professional reduced family income, it hurt their sons and daughters. â€Å"Among these black parents injuries, they suffered discrimination policies of federal agencies in allocation of business loans, low-interest mortgages, agrarian price supporters, and government contracts. 17. There are a lot of different remedies for almost every issue involving racism. One of the reasons for avoiding racism is that blacks willingness to accept lower wages and adverse working conditions reduce labor†s bargaining power generally with management. â€Å"Although long-term black employees have the benefit of high sonority ranking, after the 1964 Civil Rights Act many continued to suffer the racist impact of departmental sonority arrangements. † 18. Under such arrangements, a worker who transfers from one department to another loses all sonority credit.   Because of programs that help families over racism, black children start to have more black role models, which creates more self-confidence. â€Å"Complaints can be lodged in a court or administration under title seven of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which prohibits such discrimination, and may be pursued against a firm or a union on behalf of an identifiable individual or group. † 19. Other ways of avoiding racism could be real dangerous. One way is to stand firm where there are firms who practice racism. Doing this would give blacks a chance to end racism in that firm. Blacks could move away if they feel too intimidated by the whites. â€Å"In some situations where blacks are notoriously scarce, the courts have approved â€Å"set-asides,† which unlike goals, reserve a specific number of positions for minorities only. † 20. They could also hold strikes against the government facilities so that they would stop the racism in the community. â€Å"Because blacks are disproportionately represented in the bottom-level positions, their personal recruitment tends to maintain occupational segregation. † 21. There are other things that help blacks like some programs that give shelter, food, clothing, and caring. One more way is to ignore the people who are intimidating you. Almost every remedy has its adverse effects. Complaint remedies could be deficient in a number of ways. â€Å"Since the complaint remedy requires proof of bias, it does not apply to institutional race-neutral policies. Yet qualification standards can be manipulated by prejudiced employers to exclude blacks, especially, as we have seen, vague personality standards. How to cite Types of Racism, Essay examples

The Case of Adoption of IT4IT by Shell Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1. What were the gaps in IT Service Management in Shell Company before adopting IT4IT? 2. Why did Shell Decided to adopt the IT4IT Instead of Developing its Own Framework? 3. What were the Outcomes of adopting IT4IT Shell?4. On what Grounds would adoption of IT4IT be ustifiable for Organisations that had already adopted ITIL? Answers: Introduction Shell operates in over 70 countries with over 94,000 people employed across over 30 refineries and chemical plants and 44,000 service stations producing 3.1 million barrels of oil equivalents per day. This case study is about the adoption of open standard IT4IT for IT management by Shell. IT4IT involves running of IT as a business in involving planning, building, deployment, operation, and retirement. The company added IT4IT reference architecture version 2 technical standard to its existing base of standards including W3, W2r, W32b and (gt)2. The case study explores the IT infrastructure as it was before the adoption of IT4IT, explores the reasons for adoption, and assesses the outcomes of the adoption. Lastly, the case would help understand if addition of IT4IT could be an appropriate move for companies who have already adopted ITIL(Enterprise Opinions Limite, 2016). This case study explores the reasons for adoption of the open source framework by Shell. It first studies the condition of Shell IT systems before the system was adopted so that reason for adoption could be better understood. The case study also studies the output would result from the use of framework. At last it would also explore IT4IT for the companies that are already using ITIL to understand if the two frameworks would be supportive of each other(Graham, 2016). 1.Gaps in IT service management Shell has a lot of complexities involved in its IT structure as it was huge consisting of 27,000 servers and 140,000 desktops over which 4,500 applications ran containing over 3000 supplier licenses. The company has 10 data centres worldwide storing over 35 perabytes of data. 25,000 networking devices are managed with 1.4 million IP addresses in Shell. Shell has had political, commercial as well as IT challenges faced. While on one side they were attacked by activists in response to their pricing or other commercial strategies, on the other side, company faced security issues because of hactivists. Attitudes of IT users were also found to be changing with them demanding things to happen fast. The company was dealing with the multiple pressures simultaneously including internet threats, external issues of hacktivist and activitist, commercial pressures, and pressures due to change of attitude of users. The IT landscape of Shell is huge, complex and critical(HP Enterprise, 2017). It is not run with full insights or full automation as a business. The company manages its IT system involving systems and processes like investment planning, investment prioritization, requirements and testing systems for building, service catalogue for deployment, and monitoring of integrated systems. But the company could not get the most out of their systems. An integrated system that could take care of the IT management for the complete life cycle of IT would an appropriate thing to have or developed(The Open Group, 2016). 2.Adoption of IT4IT The Shell faced a dilemma between cost, agility, and manageability in IT management. There were functional requirements of these systems that needed reduction of costs and risks while business requirements demanded increase in speed, agility, and improvement in performance and experience. There were tradeoffs happening between cost and growth, speed and agility versus diversity and complexity, and technology disruption and manageability. In order to ensure that these tradeoffs do not have add adverse impact on the system performance, an integrated IT system was adopted that would allow a seamless flow between different components and stages of the IT life cycle(The Open Group, 2015). As per a Gartner research, an integrated IT system can help an organization save up to 20% of its IT costs allowing company t make use of saved money out of IT budget for innovation. The company needed its system to achieve better quality, increase the speed of development, reduce cost of implementation and IT, and improve management of risks, enhance monitoring, and better exception handling(The Open Group, 2016). The company had a choice between having own propriety standard or going for an open standard. The company had been managing IT4IT for over a decade formally as an IT department seeing that the gap between the needs and actual capabilities was only growing because of the disruptive environment like cloud, IOT, big data and so on. The department realized that problem was big as well as the value that solution to the problem would also be big(Allen, 2016). Thus, the department believed that the problem could not be entirely solved by a single company and that too when the company was actually not an IT company. Developing own propriety framework would not even have build a competitive advantage for the company as IT was not the core to it. Thus, management thought that it was fair to use IT management just the way others did. Thus, the company decided to adapt to the open framework and with the collaboration with experts helped move things faster. Also, the solution was to bring in the value for the customers and a collaborative approach would be useful in generating that(GARDNER, 2016). 3.Outcomes of adopting IT4IT Shell Adopting IT4IT means running IT like a business, IT is not just deployed but used. It is monitored to understand what it is telling about IT and actions are taken based on them. The outputs or results are measured in terms of performance of the IT systems. The measurements would include metrics, actions, and improvements that can help understand the capabilities of people, processes, information, and tools(HP, 2016). IT4IT helps figure out the cost of each element of the lifecycle, risks that are taken during deployment or implementation, what mitigation plans does a company have against those risks and the value that is created at each stage of the life cycle(NS Tech, 2016). With this clarity, an IT team would be able to analyze IT systems and incidents as well as identify if incidents are created in the system or not by specific suppliers or teams. Suppliers adding incidents can actually help improve the system and thus, they may be rewarded while those skipping the process maybe d iscontinued with. Adoption of IT4IL would bring out facts and figures with analysis of the system performance in the real time so that appropriate actions can be taken for improvement(Saran, 2015). 4.Justification of adoption of IT4IT IT4IT and ITIL architectures actually complement each other. While ITIL is a community based process framework which serves as guidance for managing IT services, IT4IT standard s a data driven model that provides prescriptive guidance for the management of IT systems. Thus, IT4IT framework can actually help build a foundation on which the best practice IT models like ITIL can be run. In some perspectives, IT4IT is seen as a competition while others felt that both would not provide any support for each other. But considering the flexibility of the framework, it can be said that combination of the two may not a bad but good(TOGAF, 2016). ITIL includes a set of best practices and is process driven while IT4ITis process agnostic and it is focused on the automation of the IT function. As compared to ITIL, IT4IT can provide a bigger picture of the IT systems in an organization throughout the whole life cycle of IT management value chain. Conclusions This report was prepared to understand why Shell adopted the IT4IT open framework over developing a propriety framework of its own for integrated IT management which was the need of the time. It was found that the because of the disruptive technologies connecting with the IT systems of the company and making it difficult to fill the gap between what was needed and what was developed, the company management through that the problem could better be solved if it was a collaborative effort understanding the value it would give to the IT community. The report also discussed the outcome of adoption and it was found that the management was able to track the data and run analysis that would help company take insights and act upon them. The case study also revealed that IT4IT was actually a complementary framework for ITIL systems and thus, can be supportive to the system. References Allen, A., 2016. IT4IT modernizes IT and increases business value, s.l.: Techtarget. Enterprise Opinions Limite, 2016. IT4IT The Basics. [Online] Available at: https://www.theitsmreview.com/2016/04/it4it-the-basics/ [Accessed 31 March 2017]. GARDNER, D., 2016. The Open Group IT4IT Architecture Offers a New Direction | @CloudExpo #Cloud. [Online] Available at: https://opensource.sys-con.com/node/3775829 [Accessed 31 March 2017]. Graham, D., 2016. Designing the Business of IT. [Online] Available at: https://enterprisearchitects.com/designing-the-business-of-it-with-it4it/ [Accessed 31 March 2017]. HP Enterprise, 2017. IT4IT Value Chain. [Online] Available at: https://saas.hpe.com/en-us/software/it4it-value-chain [Accessed 31 March 2017]. HP, 2016. IT4IT: the new enterprise architecture framework , s.l.: Hewlett Packard Enterprise. NS Tech, 2016. IT4IT is a push for sexy new IT architecture standards and its got a powerful advocate in HPE. [Online] Available at: https://tech.newstatesman.com/enterprise-it/it4it [Accessed 31 Mach 2017]. Saran, C., 2015. CIOs collaborate on managing the business of IT, s.l.: TechTarget. The Open Group, 2015. The Open Group IT4IT Forum Launches First Standard. [Online] Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-open-group-it4it-forum-launches-first-standard-534517031.html [Accessed 31 March 2017]. The Open Group, 2016. IT4IT FAQ, s.l.: The Open Group. The Open Group, 2016. Shell and The Open Group IT4IT Reference Architecture, Version 2.0: The Adoption of the IT4IT Standard at Shell, s.l.: The Open Group. TOGAF, 2016. IT4IT Relationships with ITIL and Other Practices and Standards, s.l.: TOGAF Foundation.